The genetic diversity of cen-tral and peripheral popula-tions of ratlike hamster(Cricetulus triton)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, ⅰ) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County＞the sub-central populations of Gu'an County and Taikang County＞the peripheral population of Shunyi District＞the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ⅱ) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; ⅲ) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and frag- mentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.     

河流生态系统合理生态用水比例的确定

通过构建生态需水和生态用水比例模型，遵循生态需水比例和生态用水比例的相关关系，以生态需水比例为标准，确定生态用水比例，然后综合考虑社会经济用水的实际情况，确定适合当地水资源配置和社会经济发展水平的合理生态用水比例。以海河河流生态系统为例，视其河道内生态系统恢复到20世纪70年代初的水平为生态修复目标，计算河流系统生态需水，得到其生态需水的阈值区间为[16％～66％]。然后计算了1999—2002年海河实际生态用水比例，表明生态用水一直没有得到满足。最后通过与海河社会经济发展的协调，确定海河河流生态系统的合理生态用水比例应维持在(16％～46％)的阈值区间内。     

港澳特别行政区制度须列入宪法教学体系之中

随着香港、澳门的先后回归，宪法学的体系也应作相应的调整，香港、澳门特别行政区制度应作为单独的一章列入宪法学的体系。     

A SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR TWO-ORDER UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS: AUTO-STABLE REGIONAPPROACH

1.IntroductionInrecentyears,thesynthesisproblemforuncertainsystemshasbeendeeplystudied.ManymethodssuchasLyapunov,thevariablestructurecontrol,theadaptivecontrolandtherobustcontrolmethodshavebeenproposed[IMS].Sincetheadaptivecontrolandtherobustcontrolmethod…     

规范经济行为是珠江上游生态建设的根本途径

江河上游的规划和治理是建设生态环境的基础和关键。珠江上游生态环境建设要从规范现实经济行为入手，以便遏制日趋恶化的生态环境，进一步拓展生态环境对经济发展的承载能力。规范珠江上游各经济主体的行为，要以可持续发展观为价值标准，以分析实际情况为出发点，采用切实可行的对策措施。     

我国生态与发展问题及对策浅析

本文侧重阐述自然原因和人为原因造成我国的生态环境问题,由此产生的巨大压力和持续发展的持久影响。必须开展一场增强全民的环保意识和忧患意识教育,同时采取相应的措施。     

一类非光滑最优化信赖域算法

本文把通常的光滑信赖域算法推广到非光滑情形，目标函数仅为局部李普希兹连续，文中子问题的目标函数不必是通常的二次逼近形式。     

示范画教学要有"底气"

示范画教学是一种难度较大的美术教学形式。其效果的优劣取决于教师的绘画功底、驾驭全局的能力和心理素质三大要素。     

生态建材与可持续发展

传统建材与生态环境协调方面存在诸多问题。从生态平衡观点出发,运用可持续发展理论,提出了生态建材应具有的五大特征,初步建立了生态建材评价指标体系。认为生态建材的研制、开发、利用对可持续发展具有重要意义。