石油降解菌株的分离筛选及降解性能研究

从大庆油田石油污染土壤中分离出8株能够以原油为唯一碳源和能源的石油降解菌株,经鉴定分属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、微球菌属(Micrococcus sp.)、产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.)、动性球菌属(Planococcus sp.)和纤维单胞菌属(Cellulononas sp.)5个属。同时对其中石油降解能力较好的两株菌进一步研究了其石油降解特性,发现原油浓度、pH值、N∶P等对菌株的降解能力有较强的影响。     

中国西北干旱区环境问题与生态建设

讨论了西北干旱区的土地退化、生态建设与尊重自然、水土资源利用及区域发展等问题.干旱区土地退化主要为土地沙漠化、土地次生盐渍化和草地退化;生态建设中应当尊重自然,不宜大面积植树造林、片面追求森林覆被率的提高.采取生态修复和建立自然保护区等措施有助于环境整治与生态建设.在区域发展中应当重视水土资源的合理开发利用以及区域间环境与发展的协调问题.     

聚碳酸酯在超临界乙醇中的降解

利用高压间歇反应器研究了聚碳酸酯(PC)在215~286°C、3.1~8.2 M Pa条件下乙醇溶液中的降解行为。通过气相色谱/质谱(GC/M S)和气相色谱(GC)对液相产物进行了定性和定量分析,同时分别通过红外(IR)和气相色谱对固相产物和气相产物进行了定性分析,在此基础上,提出了PC在超临界乙醇中的降解机理和降解反应模型,并进行了动力学研究。结果表明:PC在乙醇溶液中的降解可分为3个区域:超临界区、非超临界区和中间过渡区。在超临界区中,PC可实现完全降解,其主要单体双酚A(BPA)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的收率分别为92.26%和88.92%。在超临界区PC的降解活化能为89.73 kJ/m o l;在非超临界区,PC的降解活化能为21.02 kJ/m o l。     

河南省生态环境脆弱性评价与分析

地域生态环境脆弱性表现了一地生态系统抗干扰能力的强弱,健康的生态环境是区域可持续发展的前提.本文分析和计算了河南省各地区生态环境的脆弱性程度,并在此基础上提出了相应的控制和改进措施,可为有关部门制定可持续发展决策,保护区域生态环境提供参考.     

主链型不饱和聚磷酸酯交联体系体外降解性能

研究了主链重复结构单元中含富马酸酯的不饱和聚磷酸酯（UPPE）与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）交联体系的体外降解过程,采用扫描电镜观察了降解一定时间后试样断面的形态结构．结果表明：交联体系试样是按照先表层、后中心。由外至内的规律进行降解,降解过程包括表层扩散溶出和基体降解两部分．在表层扩散溶出占主导阶段。交联试样中聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）和NVP快速溶出,试样失重明显,试样吸水率、长度、直径也迅速增大;在基体降解占主导阶段,试样降解比较缓慢,试样失重、吸水率、长度和直径变化较小．     

黄河兰州段氨氮降解系数的测定

对黄河兰州段氨氮的降解规律进行了室内模拟实验研究,采用稳态一维降解模型进行了分析计算,得出氨氮的室内降解系数为0.014d-1,并根据黄河兰州段的实际情况,对其进行温度和坡度修正,计算出黄河兰州段不同水期时的氨氮降解系数.     

稀土氧化物掺杂对TiO2/沸石光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯和稀土氧化物为原料, 采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了镧、 钕和镱稀土离子掺杂TiO₂/沸石光催化剂. 通过XRD和IR方法对样品进行表征, 研究了不同沸石粒径及不同稀土氧化物掺杂量(质量分数)对农药敌敌畏光催化降解性能的影响. 结果表明, 当沸石最佳粒径为0.15 mm, La³⁺掺杂量质量分数为3.0%时（以TiO₂质量计）, 稀土离子的掺杂可显著提高TiO₂//沸石的光催化降解性能.     

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管器件的可靠性及退化机制研究进展

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管（high electron mobility transistor,HEMT）器件在航天、通讯、雷达、电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用,近年来成为电力电子器件的研究热点。在实际应用中,GaN基HEMT器件随着使用时间的延长会发生退化甚至失效的情况,器件的可靠性问题仍是进一步提高HEMT器件应用的绊脚石。因此,研究器件的可靠性及退化机制对于进一步优化器件性能具有极其重要的意义。将从影响器件可靠性的几个关键因素如高电场应力、高温存储、高温电场和重离子辐照等进行阐述,主要对近几年文献里报道的几种失效机制及相应的失效现象进行了综述和总结,最后讨论了进一步优化器件可靠性的措施,对进一步提高HEMT器件的应用起促进作用。     

The utility F-box for protein destruction

A signature feature of all living organisms is their utilization of proteins to construct molecular machineries that undertake the complex network of cellular activities. The abundance of a protein element is temporally and spatially regulated in two opposing aspects: de novo synthesis to manufacture the required amount of the protein, and destruction of the protein when it is in excess or no longer needed. One major route of protein destruction is coordinated by a set of conserved molecules, the F-box proteins, which promote ubiquitination in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here we discuss the functions of F-box proteins in several cellular scenarios including cell cycle progression, synapse formation, plant hormone responses, and the circadian clock. We particularly emphasize the mechanisms whereby F-box proteins recruit specific substrates and regulate their abundance in the context of SCF E3 ligases. For some exceptions, we also review how F-box proteins function through non-SCF mechanisms.     

Starch-binding domains in the post-genome era

Starch belongs to the most abundant biopolymers on Earth. As a source of energy, starch is degraded by a large number of various amylolytic enzymes. However, only about 10% of them are capable of binding and degrading raw starch. These enzymes usually possess a distinct sequence-structural module, the so-called starchbinding domain (SBD). In general, all carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) have been classified into the CBM families. In this sequence-based classification the individual types of SBDs have been placed into seven CBM families: CBM20, CBM21, CBM25, CBM26, CBM34, CBM41 and CBM45. The family CBM20, known also as a classical C-terminal SBD of microbial amylases, is the most thoroughly studied. The three-dimensional structures have already been determined by X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance for SBDs from five CBM families (20, 25, 26, 34 and 41), and the structure of the CBM21 has been modelled. Despite differences among the amino acid sequences, the fold of a distorted β-barrel seems to be conserved together with a similar way of substrate binding (mainly stacking interactions between aromatic residues and glucose rings). SBDs have recently been discovered in many non-amylolytic proteins. These may, for example, have regulatory functions in starch metabolism in plants or glycogen metabolism in mammals. SBDs have also found practical uses. Received 25 May 2006; received after revision 26 June 2006; accepted 3 August 2006