Preparation, characterization and photodegradation of methylene blue based on TiO2 microparticles modified with thiophene substituents

The new microparticles,2-formylthiophene(FT)/TiO2 and(E)-1,2-bis(5-formyl-2-thienyl) ethylene(EBFTE)/TiO2 were synthesized with a silane coupling agent.The prepared TiO2 composites were characterized using Ultraviolet-Vis absorption(UV-Vis),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA).Methylene blue was used as a model material to examine the photocatalytic activities of the prepared catalysts under both Ultraviolet-Vis(UV) and visible(Vis) light.The enhanced photocatalytic activities were observed in the presence of(FT)/TiO2 and EBFTE/TiO2 under Vis light.It suggests that FT or EBFTE plays a block or active role in the photodegradation mechanisms under UV and Vis light irradiation,respectively.     

Thermal degradation of BaAl2Si2O8：Eu2＋ phosphor excited by near ultraviolet light

Eu2+ doped BaAl2Si2O8 phosphor was synthesized by one-step calcination of precursors that were prepared by chemical co-precipitation.The thermal degradation properties of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ were investigated by photoluminescence,lifetime and chromaticity coordinate measurements.BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ is efficiently excited by incident light of 250-400 nm,which matches the emission of near ultraviolet LED chips well.BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ exhibits broad blue emission at 470 nm because of the 4f65d1-4f7(8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ ions,and the emission band shows an unusual blue shift with bandwidth broadening and emission intensity decreasing as the annealing temperature is increased.The luminescence decay and CIE chromaticity coordinates of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ were determined to investigate its application in white LEDs.     

Degradation of the antibiotic sulfamonomethoxine sodium in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton oxidation

In this study, photo-Fenton oxidation was applied to degradation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMMS) in aqueous solution. The operation parameters of pH, temperature, and concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+ and SMMS were investigated. The optimum conditions for the photo-Fenton process were determined as follows: [SMMS]=4.53 mg/L, pH 4.0, [H2O2]=0.49 mmol/L, [Fe2+]= 19.51 μmol/L and T=25°C. Under these conditions 98.5% of the SMMS degraded. The kinetics were also studied, and degradation of SMMS by the photo-Fenton process could be described by first-order kinetics. The apparent activation energy was calculated as 23.95 kJ/mol. Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the COD decreased by 99% after 120 min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing sulfamonomethoxine sodium.     

Catalytic oxidation of phenol in wastewater-A new application of the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy

The amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy was used as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst in the process of phenol degradation.The influences of main operating parameters such as reaction temperature,catalyst amount,hydrogen peroxide dosage and initial pH of solution on phenol degradation rate were investigated.The maximum mineralization of phenol was achieved at 60°C,6 g/L Fe78Si9B13, 0.31 mol/L hydrogen peroxide,with an initial pH of 2.5.More than 99%of phenol was completely removed under the optimum conditions within 10 min for a solution containing 1000 mg/L of phenol.Batch experiments for solutions containing phenol con- centrations ranging from 50 to 2000 mg/L were investigated under the above conditions and the same excellent degradation rate was obtained.The Fe78Si9B13 showed better catalytic activity than iron powder and Fe 2+ .Addition of n-butannol(hydroxyl radical scavenger)decreased the degradation rate of phenol,which demonstrates that hydroxyl radicals were mainly responsible for the removal of phenol.We demonstrated that phenol may be degraded by hydroxyl radicals decomposed by hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Fe78Si9B13 and illustrated the reaction mechanism for this process.This amorphous alloy exhibited high stability in recycling experiments and showed excellent reuse performance even after continuous operations of 8 cycles.     

TiO2/N可见光光催化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

采用氮掺杂的二氧化钛为催化剂,探索了可见光催化氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的研究.系统地考察了光催化降解反应中DMP的初始浓度、光照时间、催化剂的量、pH值等因素对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的降解效率及速率的影响;同时对其光降解动力学及光降解过程中的矿化程度进行了一定的分析.结果表明,只有在催化剂和光源同时存在的情况下,DMP才有比较好的降解效果.当DMP的初始浓度为10 mg/L时,在优化条件下,即光催化剂为量1 g/L,pH值为6.20时,在以500W氙灯下进行光照8h,其降解率可达到90%以上.此光催化降解反应过程符合一级反应动力学.     

高效苯酚降解菌PDB1的筛选及降解特性研究

从一个焦化厂受污染土壤中分离获得一株具有高效降解苯酚能力的不动杆菌属细菌PDB1,以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源对该菌株降酚特性进行研究。结果表明:在初始苯酚浓度低于1 200 mg/L时,该菌株能够在60 h内完全降解苯酚;在更高苯酚浓度下,高浓度苯酚对菌株生长造成明显抑制,菌株降酚能力出现显著下降。对该菌株苯酚降解动力学过程进行模拟,苯酚降解符合基质抑制型的Haldane模型;当初始苯酚浓度低于144.56 mg/L时,苯酚比降解速率随苯酚浓度增大而增大;在苯酚浓度为144.56 mg/L时,得到最大比降解速率,苯酚浓度高于144.56 mg/L时,苯酚比降解速率逐渐下降。该菌株降解苯酚最适温度为25~40℃,p H为7.0~8.0,菌株具有良好的高盐分耐受性,能够耐受5%Na Cl浓度并取得良好降酚效果。     

本溪市的环境质量及其生态环境建设对策

通过对“九五”期间本溪市的生态环境质量进行回顾性评价,指出了本溪市存在的主要生态环境问题,针对这些问题,提出了“十五”期间本溪市进行生态环境建设的若干对策。     

氟苯酚好氧生物降解性能的研究

利用OxiTopBOD测试仪测定微生物耗氧量的方法,对邻氟苯酚、间氟苯酚和对氟苯酚三种污染物好氧生物降解性能进行了研究.结果表明:邻氟苯酚、间氟苯酚和对氟苯酚的生物氧化率分别是25.30%,35.28%和36.60%,其好氧生物降解速率常数分别是0.0093,0.0133和0.0145L·(g·h)-1,好氧生物降解性能的顺序为对氟苯酚>间氟苯酚>邻氟苯酚.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的降酚特性及反硝化关键酶活性

为了研究菌株Diaphorobacter sp.PD-7在有氧条件下降解低浓度苯酚同时反硝化的特性,采用单因素试验,摇床转速180 r/min时,最佳降酚条件为200 mg/L乙酸钠和300 mg/L苯酚同时作为碳源,培养液初始p H为7.0,温度30℃,20 h内对初始浓度300 mg/L苯酚去除率达97.3%。培养液p H为中性时,硝酸盐还原酶(NAR)与亚硝酸盐还原酶(NIR)的最适反应温度分别为35℃、40℃。用米门方程对酶促反应动力学模拟,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好,参数分别为Km=0.76μmol/L、vmax=42.02×10-3U/min和Km=1.49μmol/L、vmax=32.79×10-3U/min。推测NIR可能是该菌株反硝化过程中的限速酶,菌株PD-7主要通过细胞同化作用与反硝化作用脱氮,且该菌株有着完整的反硝化途径。     

基于PSR框架的甘肃省环县耕地生态安全评价

以生态退化区甘肃环县为研究区,通过构建"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型,从自然、经济和社会3个方面选取20个评价指标,建立耕地生态安全评价指标体系,计算耕地生态安全指数并划分安全等级,对2005-2016年环县耕地生态安全变化状况进行定量分析.结果表明:①基于PSR模型的评价指标体系能够较好地反映耕地生态系统各个要素之间的关联,适用于区域耕地生态安全的综合评价.②2005-2016年期间,环县耕地生态安全水平逐渐提高,生态功能有所改善,耕地生态安全经历了"恶化-敏感-安全"的演变过程.③单项指标的变化表明环县2005-2016年间人口密度、人均耕地面积、土地垦殖率、单位面积耕地化肥施用量、年降水量以及工业废水排放达标率变化明显,是影响区域耕地生态安全状况的关键因素.今后在加强对耕地数量保护的同时,应采取休耕等耕地休养方式加强耕地质量和耕地生态建设与维护,致力于耕地生态系统的恢复和重建,促进区域耕地可持续利用.