基于热力耦合分析的预应力切削残余应力研究

对预应力切削的已加工表面残余应力状态进行热力耦合分析,通过对机械应力和热应力在工件表面分布的叠加,发现加工表面存在3种不同的残余应力类型,文中定性讨论了其产生条件,并进一步分析了刀具切削刃钝圆和预应力对工件表面残余应力状态的影响.最后采用不同钝圆半径的刀具和预应力对表面淬火硬化的40Cr合金钢进行硬态切削实验,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了对比.结果表明:切削刃钝圆影响残余应力的大小和分布;钝圆半径越大,残余压应力越大,应力层也越厚;预应力可以有效提高加工表面的残余压应力,而对其分布基本没有影响;实验结果和理论分析相吻合,说明文中理论分析是正确的.     

Effects of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.) flower extracts on mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Mercury(II) is an important factor in hepatotoxicity that can enter the body through marine diets and amalgams.In the present study,the protective effect of the Eriobotrya japonica flower extract(EJFE) on HgCl 2-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated.Five mg/kg of mercuric chloride in drinking water was given to rats either with saline or EJFE(100 and 200 mg/kg as intraperitoneal(IP)) for 30 d.The mercury levels in different groups of liver tissues of the rats were measured with flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy(F-AAS).Also,mercury accumulation in the liver of the rats was modeled by using a parallel chemical kinetic model.The results showed that HgCl 2-induced oxidative damage led to a significant decrease in glutathione(GSH) and the total antioxidant capacity(TAC) levels,and to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level.Accumulated mercury was 14.47% more in the livers of the stress groups than in those of the control groups(P<0.001),whereas the amount of Hg was adjusted to 13.49% and 13.93% in groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of EJFE respectively,as compared with stress groups(P<0.001).HPLC analysis of EJFE revealed that hesperetin and gallic acid are the major antioxidants in EJFE.Results demonstrate that flowers of the Eriobotrya japonica cause a significant protection against HgCl 2 induced hepatotoxicity in all diagnostic parameters by strengthening the antioxidant defense mechanisms and they may have a therapeutic function in free radical mediated diseases.     

Changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaf induced by osmotic stress

To quantify the characteristics of the power spectrum of plant electrical signals, we defined the following concepts:spectral edge frequency (SEF), spectral center frequency (SCF), power index (PI) and power spectral entropy (PSE). These parameters were used to examine and quantify changes in the power spectrum of electrical signals in maize leaves under osmotic stress. In the absence of osmotic stress, the SEF of the electrical signal in maize leaves was approx. 0.2 Hz and the SCF was approx. 0.1 Hz. The electrical signal in maize leaves was mainly a slow wave signal with a frequency of 0-0.1 Hz. After 2 h osmotic stress, the SEF and SCF of the electrical signal increased to higher frequencies. The proportion of the fast wave frequency also increased to 0.1-0.2 Hz, resulting in a dramatic increase in PSE. We also found that the changes in PSE and SCF were significantly correlated during osmotic stress. We propose that the changes in the PSE and SCF in maize leaves can be used as a sensitive signal indicating water deficit in leaf cells under osmotic stress. Thus, measurement of SCF or PSE of electrical signals in maize leaves could be used to develop early warning and rapid diagnosis techniques for the water demands of plants.     

基于光纤光栅传感技术的加筋边坡模型试验

以边坡模型试验为例,证明光纤光栅传感技术在克服电磁干扰、提高耐久性等方面的优越性.边坡模型在加载至36 kN时,坡面开始较明确的裂缝,在完成39 kN加载后,坡面出现更多裂缝,并且裂缝逐渐发展贯通,证明边坡已经发生破坏,坡面裂缝贯通,部分土体沿坡面滑落.最后,利用试验数据剖析了加筋边坡的工作机理,阐述了土工格栅对提高边坡稳定性的意义.     

水平向线荷载作用下土中应力

在MELAN积分的思想上,通过积分法详细完整推导了在水平向线荷载下、任意泊松比下的土中应力公式,通过比较发现,当线荷载作用在地基表面时,任意泊松比下的土中应力公式等同于泊松比为0.5时的应力表达式.同时,鉴于国内土力学教材中无此荷载下的应力泡图形,给出了应力泡的详细绘制方法,为工程中地基中的应力分布形式的判断提供方便.     

干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛愈伤组织生理特性研究

以铁皮石斛愈伤组织为材料,采用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理铁皮石斛愈伤组织,检测愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、POD和APX活性的变化动态。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫下,铁皮石斛愈伤组织可溶性蛋白均高于对照;各浓度PEG胁迫1d后,SOD活性均高于对照,当PEG浓度为30%时,胁迫2d、3d后却低于对照;POD活性随着PEG浓度的增强先上升后下降,在25%PEG胁迫下达到峰值;当PEG浓度为30%时,APX活性随着时间的延长而降低,当PEG浓度低于30%时,APX活性呈上升趋势。铁皮石斛愈伤组织可通过可溶性蛋白含量的增加和保护酶的变化来适应一定程度的干旱胁迫。     

全球海面简单高效实现技术研究

在数字地球上模拟海面,是数字地球可视化以及海洋仿真的重要需求之一。利用屏幕细分自适应算法对海面网格进行计算,并在GPU中处理其网格点相应的坐标转换和计算,大大减少了对CPU的占用率。在可视范围内,对海面网格进行实时的优化处理,提高了效率,满足数字地球相关仿真系统对海面仿真的需求。在解决海洋和陆地分离显示上,提出了一种简单的设置透明度的实现方法,既满足了现实需要,也大大提高了使用效率。     

应力集中对2024铝合金高周疲劳寿命的影响

研究了2024铝合金常温下的高周疲劳性能,获得了2024铝合金在不同应力状态下的S-N曲线.分析了疲劳试样的断口形貌和裂纹萌生/扩展机理,以及疲劳试样的组织结构与疲劳性能之间的关系.结果表明,疲劳极限随着应力集中系数的增加而降低,当应力集中系数相同时,疲劳极限随着应力比的减小而降低;2024铝合金的疲劳断口以穿晶断裂为主;第二相颗粒起到了阻碍疲劳裂纹扩展的作用,使2024铝合金的高周疲劳强度得到了明显提高.     

三维各向异性材料数值模型的计算方法

各向异性材料模型的一般计算方法需要编辑偏轴坐标系中的弹性矩阵,其推导过程十分复杂.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于FEM软件中两个坐标系(基本坐标系与辅助坐标系)的新方法.FEM软件自动转换两个坐标系的关系,因此该方法没必要编辑偏轴坐标系中的弹性矩阵,可简化各向异性模型的计算过程.计算结果很好地反映了各向异性材料的方向变化对巷道围岩应力分布的影响.     

半连续铸造Al-15Si合金热压缩变形流变应力行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机进行高温等温压缩试验,研究了半连续铸造Al-15Si铝合金在变形温度为300~500℃,应变速率为0.001~5 s-1条件下的流变应力行为.结果表明,在试验温度范围内,此合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高,应变速率的降低而降低,说明该合金属于正应变速率敏感性材料;可采用Zener-Hollomon参数双曲正弦形式来描述Al-15Si合金高温塑性变形时的流变应力行为;σ解析表达式中材料常数A,α,n值分别为2.07×1012s-1,0.026 MPa-1,4.61,Al-15Si合金的平均热变形激活能Q为180.96 kJ/mol.