What was classical genetics?

I present an account of classical genetics to challenge theory-biased approaches in the philosophy of science. Philosophers typically assume that scientific knowledge is ultimately structured by explanatory reasoning and that research programs in well-established sciences are organized around efforts to fill out a central theory and extend its explanatory range. In the case of classical genetics, philosophers assume that the knowledge was structured by T. H. Morgan’s theory of transmission and that research throughout the later 1920s, 30s, and 40s was organized around efforts to further validate, develop, and extend this theory. I show that classical genetics was structured by an integration of explanatory reasoning (associated with the transmission theory) and investigative strategies (such as the ‘genetic approach’). The investigative strategies, which have been overlooked in historical and philosophical accounts, were as important as the so-called laws of Mendelian genetics. By the later 1920s, geneticists of the Morgan school were no longer organizing research around the goal of explaining inheritance patterns; rather, they were using genetics to investigate a range of biological phenomena that extended well beyond the explanatory domain of transmission theories. Theory-biased approaches in history and philosophy of science fail to reveal the overall structure of scientific knowledge and obscure the way it functions.     

论"新红学"的知识谱系

“新红学”的基本构成是“实证与实录合一”．胡适以“科学精神”演述乾嘉学术方法,以“自然主义”、“自叙传”去演述传统的史学实录观念．实证研究体现一种科学精神,实录观念则是一种反科学的观念．     

安徽省农户生产、消费和积累的宏观P.C.A——SD模型

本文利用系统动力学的方法对安微省农户的生产、消费和积累三方面的经济行为进行研究。探讨了农户在现有的生产条件和政策环境下生产、消费和积累的特点及其发展趋势,并提出了应该采取的对策。     

基于绿色设计准则的塑料门窗铣削机设计

介绍了绿色设计在技术先进性,环境、材料和结构等方面的准则,并运用于塑窗锯铣加工中心的铣削机设计中,表明绿色设计可从技术上保证安全,可靠,经济地实现产品的各项功能和性能,同时只有在设计阶段将产品的“绿色度”作为设计目标,才能取得理想的设计结果。     

动态误差时间序列小波神经网络预测模型

基于现代误差修正技术,研究小波神经网络建立的动态测量误差预测模型,以进行误差修正,提高动态测量精度,避免了传统神经网络需要人为干预网络结构参数的不足。文章介绍了建模方法,重点对大轴圆度误差测量过程中的动态测量数据进行实例分析,结果表明,该模型预测精度高,具有重要的应用价值。     

Code Component Reuse Supporting Environment (CCRSE) and its design strategy

Code Component Reuse Supporting Environment (CCRSE), which has been developed by us, is an integrated development environment. CCRSE can provide comprehensive supports for the whole process of reusing code component in the manner of dynamic composition. The architecture and functionality of CCRSE are introduced in this paper.The key achievement of this paper is giving the three strategies that are vital to successfully design CCRSE. The three strategies include: (1) according to the three pivotal technologies ( encapsulation, composition and management) for supporting composition reuse of code component, design three tools respectively. (2) keep tool for supporting code component development independent of tool for supporting code component composition. (3) strictly restrict code component specification, provide the strong "plug and play" support for code component composition reuse, and furthest provide transparence to strictly restricted specification of code component in development of component itse     

人工湿地污染物去除的数学模型

讨论了人工湿地三种常用的数学模型(衰减方程、一级动力学模型和生态动力学模型),并对其研究历史、发展应用、理论基础、基本形式、建立方法及其各自的优缺点做了深入的分析．从中可以看出,人们对人工湿地去除污染物的内在机制尚缺乏定量化的了解,目前还很难对其设计、运行和预测做出准确的评价,因此影响了这一高效低耗的生态污水处理技术的推广和应用,而人工湿地生态动力学模型的不断完善可以从根本上解决这一问题．     

移动荷载下离散粘弹性点支承长梁的有限元分析

研究了单个和多个移动荷载作用下离散粘弹性点支承长梁的动力响应.把长梁、离散的粘弹性支座和移动荷载视为一个系统,利用弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成矩阵的"对号入座"法则建立该系统的振动方程组,用Wilsonθ法求解该振动方程组,得到梁的位移时程曲线.举例分析了梁的抗弯刚度、支座的粘弹性特性及移动荷载的速度对梁动力响应的影响.计算结果表明:增大支承点的弹簧刚度、阻尼系数及梁的抗弯刚度都有利于减小梁的动力响应;随荷载速度的提高,梁的动力响应有所增大.图7,表1,参16.     

大倾角走向长壁开采"R-S-F"动态稳定性实验

通过平面应力走向、倾斜和三维可加载块体模型等手段,较系统地研究了大倾角煤层走向长壁工作面(倾斜布置)开采过程中矿山压力显现规律、围岩变形、破坏与移动特征和工作面支架与设备的下滑机理;分析探讨了顶板破断岩块运动、底板破坏滑移以及主要回采工序对支架或支护系统工作阻力和"R-S-F"(顶板-支架-底板)系统动态稳定性的影响;提出了现场工业性试验时需要注意和重点解决的关键技术问题。     

后殖民语境中的翻译“逆差”及对策

在跨文化交流中,由于文化的输入和输出的不平衡,从而导致翻译上的“逆差”。运用后殖民主 义理论分析“逆差”产生的原因,并提出对策。