增容剂mPOE含量对R-PET/LLDPE共混物结构与性能的影响

采用反应挤出加工工艺,以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯接枝改性乙烯-辛烯共聚物(mPOE)为增容剂,对回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(R-PET)与线性密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混物进行增容增韧改性,考察了增容剂mPOE用量对R-PET/LLDPE/mPOE共混物的相结构、力学性能以及熔融、结晶行为的影响.扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明:R-PET/LLDPE/mPOE共混物中分散相的粒径和粒间距随着mPOE含量的增加而迅速减小; 而当增容剂的添加质量分数大于5%后,分散相粒径大小与粒间距的变化趋于减小.力学性能测试表明:R-PET/LLDPE/mPOE共混物的断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度随着mPOE含量的增大先迅速增大,后变化趋缓.DSC结果表明:R-PET/LLDPE/mPOE共混物随着mPOE含量的增加,分散相粒子对R-PET结晶的成核效果降低.     

定远营遗址稳定性和微观劣化的研究

在自然环境的反复作用下,土遗址表层持续劣化并产生宏观病害,致使土遗址本体的稳定性存在隐患,合理评价土遗址的安全性为文物界所关注.以西北地区阿拉善盟定远营城墙为研究对象,定性分析城墙各段病害,测定城墙土样的基本物理指标和力学性能,运用ABAQUS软件进行数值模拟,对比分析自然状态和降雨条件下的城墙稳定性,发现随含水率提高城墙存在失稳的危险.在宏观劣化现象分析基础上,运用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜技术对城墙内外部夯土的成分和微观结构进行研究,探讨城墙劣化的机理.对土遗址稳定性和微观劣化的分析方法揭示了残存土遗址的真实状态,有助于土遗址的保护和修复,避免土遗址修复方案的盲目性.     

帽儿山针阔混交林及纯林土壤碳代谢微生物群落特征研究

【目的】评价帽儿山地区纯林与混交林(红皮云杉纯林、长白落叶松纯林、胡桃楸和红皮云杉混交林、胡桃楸和长白落叶松混交林、水曲柳和红皮云杉混交林、水曲柳和长白落叶松混交林)土壤生态系统中参与土壤碳代谢的微生物群落特征。【方法】借助Biolog^MT技术,比较了纯林与混交林之间根际土壤微生物对不同碳源类型的利用情况。【结果】不同林型土壤微生物平均颜色变化率(AWCD)呈现阔叶林高于针叶林,胡桃楸针-阔混交林型中针叶林土壤微生物AWCD值优于与水曲柳混交林型。胡桃楸针-阔混交林中,针叶林的Shannon指数显著地高于水曲柳针-阔混交林。Simpson优势度指数与Shannon多样性指数变化趋势较为相似。羧酸、氨基酸和糖类这3类碳源是导致微生物代谢呈现差异的主要碳源。长白落叶松、红皮云杉与水曲柳混交后对糖类、羧酸和氨基酸3种主要碳源的利用程度均有所下降,可能是导致AWCD值较低的原因之一。【结论】胡桃楸针-阔混交林比水曲柳针-阔混交林以及针叶纯林更有利于土壤微生物群落的碳代谢功能发挥。     

TiO2纳米颗粒电化学后处理对超级电容器性能的改善

通过水热法以硫酸钛为钛源制备TiO2 纳米颗粒,然后将样品制成电极模拟超级电容器.1)通过SEM观察TiO2 纳米颗粒的微观形貌,其直径大小分布在30～50 nm, 并通过XRD测定TiO2 纳米颗粒的晶相结构为锐钛矿型;2)对超级电容器进行电循环处理,其比电容从10 mF/cm2增长到103 mF/cm2,并达到稳定,说明电循环处理大幅度提高了该样品的电导率;3)CV曲线中观察到一对明显的氧化还原峰,其比电容主要起源于该氧化还原反应. 恒流充放电和CV曲线计算所得比电容基本一致,阻抗谱图谱也清晰地显示了氧化还原反应所对应的极化电阻的存在.     

表面修饰调控锑烯SbX(X＝－CN，－NC)的电子结构与光学性质

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算单层锑烯,腈基(－CN)和异腈基(－NC)表面吸附单层锑烯的晶体结构, 电子结构和光学性质.计算结果显示：经过修饰后,锑烯的buckled值变小,转变为准平面结构.同时,本征、－CN修饰、－NC修饰、－CN和－NC同时修饰锑烯均具有很好的稳定性,具备实验合成的可能性.电子结构的分析表明,－CN或－NC修饰的锑烯呈现狄拉克材料特性,而用－CN和－NC同时修饰时则转变为直接带隙半导体,带隙为0.024 eV,且能带结构具有较好的线性色散.光学性质表明,修饰后的锑烯的吸收边发生红移,对红外光及可见光的吸收效果增强,这表明其在纳米光电子器件和太阳能电池等领域中具有潜在的应用前景.     

炭质页岩力学特性各向异性及其破坏机制研究

以贵州松桃李家湾锰矿矿体顶板炭质页岩为研究对象,开展页理面与加载方向不同夹角条件下纵波波速、单轴压缩及电镜扫描等试验,并以最大值与最小值的比值定义各参量的各向异性系数.结果表明:①纵波波速随入射方向与页理面夹角α增大而减小,其各向异性系数R_v为1.44;弹性模量随加载方向与页理面夹角β增大而减小,其各向异性系数R_E为1.14;单轴抗压强度σ_(ucs)呈现出两头大中间小的"U"型特征,最小值在β为37°时取得,其各向异性系数R_σ为3.01.②不同β条件下,单轴压缩应力-应变曲线有起始压密和弹性压缩阶段,都具有明显的应变软化特征.③单轴压缩下,炭质页岩在β=0°时主要为拉破坏,页理面抗拉强度和基质体弯折拉断强度协同控制其力学特性;在β=32°时主要为沿页理面剪破坏,页理面抗剪强度控制其力学特性;在β=66°时主要为沿页理面和切断基质体的剪破坏,页理面和基质体的抗剪强度协同控制其力学特性;在β=90°时主要为拉破坏并含有少量沿页理面剪破坏,页理面抗剪强度和基质体抗拉强度协同控制其力学特性.     

热镀锌钢卷力学性能GBDT预报模型

针对热镀锌钢卷力学性能预报建模条件属性选取难、预报精度不足的问题,研究了热镀锌钢卷力学性能梯度提升树(gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)预报模型。利用互信息差算法综合评估工艺参数、化学成分和钢卷尺寸参数等条件属性的相对重要性以及属性之间冗余性,进行模型条件属性筛选;采用同分布原理进行样本划分,结合网格搜索法和交叉验证法优化模型参数,建立力学性能GBDT预报模型。将GBDT模型预报结果与随机森林(random forest,RF)、AdaBoost算法和BP神经网络的预报结果进行比较,比较表明GBDT模型优于其他模型,90%的数据样本预测的绝对误差小于14.24 MPa,94.6%的数据样本相对误差在6%范围内,具有更高的预测精度。     

Influence of Al doping on the crystal structure,optical properties,and photodetecting performance of ZnO film

The structural,optical,and electrical properties of undoped and Al-doped ZnO films deposited on p-Si(001)substrate were studied using DC-unbalanced magnetron sputtering.This study is motivated by the absence of detail reports concerning the orbital states inducing the optical bandgap(E_g) blueshift.Besides,the influences of Al on the possible modification of point defect and the photodetecting performance are highlighted to offer guidelines for better development in ZnO-based photodetector.It was found that the Al doping reduced the grain size.The doping increased the lattice parameters and slightly decreased the local-symmetry distortion at ZnO_4.From the absorbance spectra,the doping increased Eg of ZnO film(3.28-3.36 eV),induced by the Burstein-Moss effect.From the density-functional calculation,the Burstein-Moss effect induced E_g from the valence band maximum(VBM) to Fermi level located above the lowest Zn 4s conduction state.From the photoluminescence spectra,the undoped film showed the transitions from O vacancy,Zn interstitial,and free-exciton states to the VBM.The doped film showed the transitions from Zn interstitial to O interstitial and few Zn vacancy states at the cost of O vacancies.Moreover,the energy level of free-exciton states slightly decreased.Notably,O interstitials increased the lattice parameters.From the electrical properties,the doping enhanced the ultraviolet-region photo-to-dark-current ratio up to 3.044 V,leading to the photodetecting sensitivity enhancement.This study emphasizes the significant effect of Al doping on the optical absorbance,point-defect evolution,and photodetecting performance of ZnO film for low-voltage ultraviolet photodetector applications.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr doped WCoB based cermets by spark plasma sintering and first principle calculation

WCoB based cermet is a potential hard alloy to replace WC-Co cermets with high hardness and corrosion resistance. WCoB based cermets with different Cr doping contents were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in liquid phase sintering stage. The densification behavior, phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr doped WCoB cermets were investigated by XRD, EDS and SEM. Due to the lower density of Cr,the density of WCoB cermets decreased with the increasing of Cr doping content. The phase composition consisted of Cr doped WCoB, unreacted W, Co–Cr binary binder phase. When the doping content exceeded11.736 wt%, the Cr enrichment zones appeared, which was harmful to the TRS. The increasing of Cr doping content contributed to the increase of unreacted W phases content and the formation of pores. The maximum value of Vickers hardness was 1751 Hv0.5 at 9.356 wt% Cr doping content. The variation trend was explained by first principle calculation, which is consistent with Hv-Zhou hardness model.     

羰基铁吸波材料性能提升研究进展

为了研究提升羰基铁吸波材料吸波性能,对大量研究羰基铁吸收剂的形貌控制、表面包覆材料以及与其他不同损耗吸收剂复配的文献进展进行回顾和概括,并对今后羰基铁性能提升方面的研究走向进行展望.研究结果表明,羰基铁吸收剂仍将是今后隐身和电磁兼容领域研究和应用的主要方向.