Applications of membrane distillation technology in energy transformation process-basis and prospect

Membrane distillation technology is a new type of efficient separation technology that combines traditional distillation technology and membrane separation technology. In the study, applications of membrane distillation technology in thermal engineering and refrigerating engineering with typical energy transformation process were presented. Desorption and regeneration process of saline solution by vacuum membrane distillation was proposed on the basis of the concentration and separation properties of membrane distillation. Membrane distillation technology could be used in lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, energy storage system, and the regeneration process of liquid desiccant solution in temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning system. The aim of the applications was to use the low-grade energy such as waste heat, solar energy and geothermal energy adequately and to improve the available temperature difference of heat source. According to latent heat transfer and thermal conduction across the membrane in direct contact membrane distillation process, a novel membrane heat exchanger with both heat transfer and mass transfer processes was proposed. The heat exchanger could be used as the solution heat exchanger of lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system and as the special heat exchanger that recovered heat and pure water simultaneously. Some feasible process flows about the applications of membrane distillation technology to energy transformation process were listed and analyzed. Finally, future research emphases were indicated.     

广西石漠化地区坡面土壤侵蚀规律研究

为了研究广西石漠化地区坡面土壤侵蚀中各影响因子的影响规律,通过自制大型降雨试验装置模拟坡面土壤在不同雨强、坡度和干容重条件下的土壤侵蚀现象。结果表明:边坡坡度在5°~25°范围内变化时,坡面土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增加趋势呈先慢后快,但当坡度超过25°时,土壤侵蚀量表现为减小趋势;雨强在0.5~2.0 mm/min范围内变化时,坡面土壤侵蚀量随雨强的增加呈近似指数关系增长,但当雨强不超过0.5 mm/min时,土壤侵蚀量基本可忽略不计,坡面土壤侵蚀量主要由2.0 mm/min的侵蚀性强降雨引起;干容重在0.9~1.2 g/cm3范围内变化时,土壤侵蚀量随干容重增长表现为线性减小关系;引起广西石漠化地区坡面土壤侵蚀的主要因子为雨强,其对土壤侵蚀量的影响明显高于干容重和坡度。因此,对广西石漠化地区坡面土壤侵蚀的防治,应着重控制侵蚀性强降雨、陡坡耕种等对坡面水土流失的影响。     

催化蒸馏塔中反应对精馏作用影响的分析

提出了分析催化蒸馏塔中反应过程对精馏作用影响的一种方法,并以异丙醇脱氢的催化蒸馏为实例进行了分析与计算。结果表明,反应过程对精馏过程有影响。     

桉叶面积与生物量对干湿季变化的响应

树叶是植物进行光合作用与呼吸作用的重要器官,叶面积与其生物量是树木参与生理过程的重要参数,直接影响树木的生物学结构。研究通过对昆明地区干湿两季与不同叶龄的桉叶采样与测量,利用Image J软件分别对干季和湿季的叶面积与生物量进行对比分析,结果表明:湿季和干季对桉叶面积的影响存在较大差异,尤其是湿季对一年生桉叶面积的影响较大;生物量对干季与湿季的响应也呈现出明显的不同。该研究可为桉树的生理特征与物候规律提供理论参考。     

几个杨树无性系干物质与鲜物质比值的研究

测定引种的15个外来杨树无性系和作为对照的本地响叶杨的干物质与鲜物质的比值,进行显著性测验,结果表明:16个参试品系的茎、枝、根及单株总和的干重/鲜重比值,在α=0.01的水平下,均差异显著;参试杨树无性系的根部干物质/鲜物质比和地上干物质/地下干物质比值为重复力相对较高的性状.     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRAWING TEMPERATURE ON PHYSICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PET FILAMENTS

In this paper the influences of the drawing temperature on physical structures and properties of PET filaments have been studied. The results show that the temperatures of the first-stage drawing will have significant effects on birefringence development of filaments during the second stage drawing, as well as the oriented amorphous filaments change to crystanine-oriented filaments after heat treatment. Increasing temperature of the second-stage drawing can be greatly increasing the crystallinity and decreasing the dry heat shrinkage of the filaments.     

浅析影响洗苯及脱苯的因素

本文根据唐山佳华煤化工有限公司净化分厂二期洗苯及脱苯工艺,论述了影响粗苯回收率的几个因素以及如何提高粗苯的产量和质量。     

山胡椒挥发油抑菌活性的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和同时蒸馏萃取法获得山胡椒挥发油,利用滤纸片扩散法研究山胡椒挥发油对7种常见食源性污染菌的抑菌作用,并探讨加热处理对水蒸汽蒸馏法所得挥发油抑菌活性的影响．实验表明,两种萃取方法所得挥发油对7种污染菌都有抑制作用,但对黄曲霉和黑曲霉而言,水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的挥发油的抑菌活性更强,而加热处理对水蒸汽蒸馏法所得山胡椒挥发油的抑菌效果无明显影响．     

Fractal Characteristics of Dry Sliding Surfaces Based on 3-D Measurements

3-D surface morphology measurements of compact graphite irons were used to analyze the fractal characteristics of the surfaces to relate the dry sliding surface morphology to the fractal dimension. The measurements show that the fractal dimensions (Df) of the sliding surfaces vary from1 to 2 and are closely related to the surface morphologies. Increasing depths of grooves or pits increases the Df values, At the same time, increasing densities of the grooves also causes the Df values to increase. The data can be used to discuss relationship between Df and the friction coefficient as well as the wear rate.     

湘江长沙段枯水期水位变化及其影响研究

湘江是长沙的母亲河,长沙的发展得利于湘江的恩泽.但近几年来,湘江年年出现特枯水位,特别是2007年以来,长沙站最低水位逼近25.1米的供水警戒线.以湘江2010-2011年度枯水期长沙段水位变化为重点进行分析,并把多年来长沙站出现的最低水位与近几年出现的情况进行比较分析,得出近年来湘江长沙段枯水期的水位变化趋势.最后分析了湘江长沙段枯水期水位走低的各种影响.