Functions of reticulons in plants: What we can learn from animals and yeasts

Reticulons (RTNs) are membrane-spanning proteins sharing a typical domain named reticulon homology domain (RHD). RTN genes have been identified in all eukaryotic organisms examined so far, and the corresponding proteins have been found predominantly associated to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. In animal and yeast, in which knowledge of the protein family is more advanced, RTNs are involved in numerous cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell division and intracellular trafficking. Up to now, a little attention has been paid to their plant counterparts, i.e., RTNLBs. In this review, we summarize the data available for RTNLB proteins and, using the data obtained with animal and yeast models, several functions for RTNLBs in plant cells are proposed and discussed. Received 01 July 2008; received after revision 08 September 2008; accepted 30 September 2008     

非线性二阶差分方程三点边值问题的研究

为了拓展非线性离散边值问题的基本理论,研究了一类非线性二阶差分方程三点边值问题正解存在性的充分条件.首先,给出了相应的二阶差分方程三点边值问题解的表达式并证明其性质;其次,在Banach空间中构造合适的锥和积分算子,运用锥上的Krasnoselskii's不动点定理,在非线性项允许变号的条件下,获得非线性二阶差分方程三...     

变长码的抗误码扩散能力分析

给出了一种基于离散无记忆信源模型的分析变长码抗误码扩散能力.该方法通过分析序列中某一时刻某个码字出现的概率,以及该码字发生错误后正好变成与该码字同码长的另一码字的概率,得到该时刻不发生误码扩散的概率.而整个序列不发生误码的概率为该概率的序列长次幂.模拟计算结果显示,该方法可在不增加平均码长和码方差的情况下,选择出抗误码扩散能力最好的码组.     

用逆向蒙特卡罗法计算光的辐射强度组分

提出了一种新的数值方法,使得逆向蒙特卡罗法不但可以计算总辐射强度,还能计算直接强度和介质强度.在此方法的基础上,提出了一种改进的方法:光子分类法,该方法既能更详细地计算辐射强度组分,又能大大减少计算时间;然后比较了新方法和多射线法在计算辐射强度组分时的结果;最后将光子分类法应用于分析卫星遥感大气订正中的邻近效应问题.     

基于支持向量机的小波域自适应水印算法

提出一种小波域中基于小波系数方向树模型的支持向量机自适应水印算法.利用支持向量机在小样本的情况下具有良好的学习和泛化性能的特点,建立小波域内不同尺度上同方向子带内相同空间位置的小波系数间的关系模型;根据关系模型来嵌入和提取水印.为提高图像视觉效果,采用模糊聚类的方法自适应地选取水印的嵌入位置.实验结果表明:该方法对常见的图像攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,而且水印的隐蔽性好、安全性强.     

不确定离散多时滞系统的模糊动态输出反馈保性能控制

针对一类用T-S模糊模型描述的不确定离散多时滞系统,研究了其动态输出反馈保性能鲁棒控制问题.通过构造一个相应的Lyapunov函数,给出了系统模糊输出反馈保性能控制律存在的一个充分条件和性能上界.并证明了该条件等价于一组线形矩阵不等式的可行性问题.进而,通过建立和求解一个凸优化问题,给出了系统设计次优保性能模糊输出反馈控制律的方法.最后通过一个算例来验证所给结果的有效性.     

质量加权坐标系下水分子2种特殊振动模式的DVR计算

在质量加权坐标系下用离散变量表示(DVR)方案研究了H2O基电子态2种特殊振动模式的振动光谱.计算中应用多项式函数拟合从头算结果得到的内坐标系下的基态解析势能面,经坐标变换得到质量加权坐标系下的相应势能面.分子的哈密顿形式在质量加权坐标下给出.用H2O振动能级的计算验证算法的可行性,从而为二维多光子电离光电子能谱的模拟奠定理论基础.     

Cholera toxin structure, gene regulation and pathophysiological and immunological aspects

Many notions regarding the function, structure and regulation of cholera toxin expression have remained essentially unaltered in the last 15 years. At the same time, recent findings have generated additional perspectives. For example, the cholera toxin genes are now known to be carried by a non-lytic bacteriophage, a previously unsuspected condition. Understanding of how the expression of cholera toxin genes is controlled by the bacterium at the molecular level has advanced significantly and relationships with cell-density-associated (quorum-sensing) responses have recently been discovered. Regarding the cell intoxication process, the mode of entry and intracellular transport of cholera toxin are becoming clearer. In the immunological field, the strong oral immunogenicity of the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been exploited in the development of a now widely licensed oral cholera vaccine. Additionally, CTB has been shown to induce tolerance against co-administered (linked) foreign antigens in some autoimmune and allergic diseases. Received 25 October 2007; accepted 12 December 2007     

基于模拟有限差分的嵌入式离散裂缝数学模型

嵌入式离散裂缝模型划分网格时不需要考虑油藏内的裂缝形态,只需对基岩系统进行简单的网格剖分,可以大大降低网格划分的复杂度,从而能够提高计算效率.并且该模型可以将现有成熟的油藏数值模拟技术和离散裂缝网络模型有机地结合起来,能精细地模拟流体在裂缝性油藏中的流动.本文模型求解采用模拟有限差分方法,该方法基于单个网格的节点和面信息构造数值计算格式,理论上适用于任何复杂网格系统,且具有良好的局部守恒性,将其推广到嵌入式离散裂缝模型后,克服了该模型基于有限差分方法求解时不能有效处理全张量形式的渗透率以及不适用于复杂边界形状裂缝性油藏的局限性.最后通过实际算例验证了本文方法的正确性和优越性.     

基于点造型的简单阴影生成方法

研究基于点表示的物体的真实感图形阴影生成方法, 提出了Z缓冲器的改进算法. 在此算法中取光源方向为视线方向, 对景物点进行坐标变换, 按Z值大小得到距离光源最近的点, 这些点即为产生阴影的点. 该算法避免了大量的求交运算. 试验结果表明, 该基于点的造型表示方法和阴影生成算法可以较准确、 真实地反映实际场景中的阴影现象.