应用型本科高校的生物地理学课程改革和创新

针对应用型本科地理科学专业的专业课“生物地理学”教学过程中存在的问题，结合在教学科研中的实际经验，运用结构主义课程理论，对课程理念、教学内容、教学方法进行改革，并建立基于工作过程导向的考核机制。     

高剪切反应器中有机相强化KHCO3/K2CO3溶液吸收CO2研究

在高剪切反应器（HSR）中研究了不同有机分散相对KHCO₃/K₂CO₃溶液吸收CO₂的强化效果，并考察了有机相与有机胺溶液复配使用对CO₂吸收率的影响。实验结果表明：环己烷、正庚烷对KHCO₃/K₂CO₃溶液吸收CO₂的强化效果明显，甲苯、正辛醇对KHCO₃/K₂CO₃溶液吸收CO₂则没有明显的强化效果；CO₂吸收率随HSR转速的增加而增加，随气液比、温度的增加而降低；环己烷对加入二乙醇胺活化的K₂CO₃溶液有较为明显的强化作用，CO₂吸收率最高可提高23%。与文献中不同反应器的对比表明HSR对CO₂具有较高的吸收效率。     

Higher-order principal component pursuit via tensor approximation and convex optimization

Recovering the low-rank structure of data matrix from sparse errors arises in the principal component pursuit （PCP）. This paper exploits the higher-order generalization of matrix recovery, named higher-order principal component pursuit （HOPCP）, since it is critical in multi-way data analysis. Unlike the convexification （nuclear norm） for matrix rank function, the tensorial nuclear norm is stil an open problem. While existing preliminary works on the tensor completion field provide a viable way to indicate the low complexity estimate of tensor, therefore, the paper focuses on the low multi-linear rank tensor and adopt its convex relaxation to formulate the convex optimization model of HOPCP. The paper further propose two algorithms for HOPCP based on alternative minimization scheme： the augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method （ALADM） and its truncated higher-order singular value decomposition （ALADM-THOSVD） version. The former can obtain a high accuracy solution while the latter is more efficient to handle the computationally intractable problems. Experimental results on both synthetic data and real magnetic resonance imaging data show the applicability of our algorithms in high-dimensional tensor data processing.     

基于曲波变换的视网膜血管图像增强算法

视网膜血管图像存在像素对比度低等特点,干扰正常的视网膜图像分割.针对视网膜血管的图像特性,提出了一种改进的基于曲波变换的视网膜血管图像增强算法.首先选取视网膜图像的绿色通道分量进行预处理,然后通过对变换系数的自适应增强完成图像的增强处理,并结合改进的形态学变换,实现图像细节的增强和背景噪声的抑制,使得图像对比度得到增强,细节信息更加明显.通过与其他增强算法的比较表明,该算法在增强对比度、降低噪声干扰等方面优于其他算法.     

含语音增强模块的i-向量说话人识别性能分析

为解决文本无关说话人识别中训练与识别环境不同导致模式失配的问题,提出了一种采用语音增强模块进行前端预处理的i-向量说话人识别系统,从而提高系统对于环境噪声的鲁棒性.为评估不同语音增强算法的性能,利用NIST08核心测试集进行仿真实验.采用IMCRA算法对语音进行噪声估计后,分别用维纳滤波法、MMSE-LSA、传统谱减法和多频带谱减法等4种方法进行语音增强前端处理,在基于i-向量的说话人识别系统下进行实验.实验结果表明采用了语音增强的系统具有一定抗噪声性能,并且在高信噪比条件下,基于多频带的谱减法在此系统下性能最佳,而低信噪比情况下MMSE-LSA算法更有优势.     

非接触电能传输系统拾取机构方向性分析

在分析了现有非接触电能传输系统中发射端与拾取端之间位置关系问题的基础上,提出了一种可以任意转动的非接触电能传输拾取机构,对比研究了2种正交绕制的三线圈连接模式.通过分析及数学推导,得到了在三维空间中改变拾取线圈的转动角度时,瞬时感应电势计算关系以及输出电压系数的分布区间及均匀性,并通过实验验证了计算结果.     

一种加权融合的乳腺图像增强方法

在分析人眼对图像亮度感知的基础上,针对乳腺X线片提供信息的不足,提出了一种既能改善乳腺图像边缘曝光过度,又能增强乳腺组织及钙化点的新方法．该方法首先分别采用直方图均衡化和增强高通滤波方法进行图像增强,然后再对增强后的结果进行加权融合,融合增强后的图像保持了良好的视觉效果．     

波纹管对高黏度介质的强化传热研究

通过数值模拟和实验研究考察了一种黏度较高的油类介质在波纹管内的流动和传热特性。研究发现,在本文条件下,波纹管内流动从层流发展到湍流的临界雷诺数远小于传统光滑圆管内的临界雷诺数,约在800～1000左右;波纹管在低雷诺数条件下对较高黏度的介质具有更好的强化传热效果,最大传热强化比达到6倍左右;本文拟合出的波纹管内高黏度介质强制对流时的传热准则关联式,考虑了波纹管管型及不同温度下介质物性参数的影响,经验证具有较好的精度,这为波纹管换热器的进一步工程设计和应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

浸没式膜生物反应器处理微污染水的工艺强化

对比了单独膜与膜生物反应器(MBR)对微污染原水的处理效果,并研究了投加氯化铵、葡萄糖和粉末活性炭等强化措施对MBR处理效果的影响。结果表明,单独膜工艺对CODMn和氨氮去除率只有16%和5%;而以粉末活性炭为生物载体的MBR工艺对CODMn和氨氮去除率提高到35.3%和44.5%;提高原水有机物浓度和氨氮浓度对CODMn和氨氮去除效率提高作用有限;更换10%的PAC后,提高了MBR对CODMn的去除效果,其去除效率可由原来的35.3%提高到50% 。     

Reverberation nulling and echo enhancement at low frequency using waveguide invariance

Based on the fact that the transfer function vector between a source receiver array and the dominant scatterer of boundary reverberation at a range can be obtained from the corresponding reverberations scattered from this range cell, a reverberation nulling concept using time reversal processing has been proposed. However, current reverberation nulling methods have certain limitations when applied into practice, which would null boundary reverberation and target echo simultaneously. As a solution, a passive reverberation nulling and echo enhancement method at low frequency using waveguide invariance is proposed in this paper. In this method, the reverberation subspace for the target range cell is not obtained directly from the return signals scattered by the target range cell but from the return signals scattered by a range cell located before the target using waveguide invariance, so as to suppress the reverberation embodied in the target echo by passive reverberation nulling. Besides, a range-dependent optimal weighting vector rather than conventional projector matrix is deduced to null the reverberation component meanwhile maximizing the target echo, thereby enhancing the echo-to-reverberation ratio furthest. Numerical simulations in typical range-independent shallow water environment demonstrate the efficacy and the improved performance of the proposed method for echo-to-reverberation enhancement.