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791.
-Amylases are present in all kingdoms of the living world. Despite strong conservation of the tertiary structure, only a few amino acids are conserved in interkingdom comparisons. Animal -amylases are characterized by several typical motifs and biochemical properties. A few cases of such -amylases have been previously reported in some eubacterial species. We screened the bacterial genomes available in the sequence databases for new occurrences of animal-like -amylases. Three novel cases were found, which belong to unrelated bacterial phyla: Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Microbulbifer degradans, and Thermobifida fusca. All the animal-like -amylases in Bacteria probably result from repeated horizontal gene transfer from animals. The M. degradans genome also contains bacterial-type and plant-type -amylases in addition to the animal-type one. Thus, this species exhibits -amylases of animal, plant, and bacterial origins. Moreover, the similarities in the extra C-terminal domains (different from both the -amylase domain C and the starch-binding domain), when present, also suggest interkingdom as well as intragenomic shuffling.Received 17 October 2003; accepted 6 November 2003 相似文献
792.
The molecular mechanisms of congenital hypofibrinogenaemia 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Maghzal GJ Brennan SO Homer VM George PM 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(12):1427-1438
Congenital hypofibrinogenaemia is characterized by abnormally low levels of fibrinogen and is usually caused by heterozygous mutations in the fibrinogen chain genes (, and ). However, it does not usually result in a clinically significant condition unless inherited in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state, where it results in a severe bleeding disorder, afibrinogenaemia. Various protein and expression studies have improved our understanding of how mutations causing hypo- and afibrinogenaemia affect secretion of the mature fibrinogen molecule from the hepatocyte. Some mutations can perturb chain assembly as in the 153 Cys Arg case, while others such as the B Leu Arg and the B414 Gly Ser mutations allow intracellular hexamer assembly but inhibit protein secretion. An interesting group of mutations, such as 284 Gly Arg and 375 Arg Trp, not only cause hypofibrinogenaemia but are also associated with liver disease. The nonexpression of these variant chains in plasma fibrinogen is due to retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn leads to hypofibrinogenaemia.Received 17 December 2003; received after revision 19 January 2004; accepted 21 January 2004 相似文献
793.
Sex determination and gametogenesis are key processes in human reproduction, and any defect can lead to
infertility. We describe here the molecular mechanisms of male sex determination and testis formation; defects in
sex determination lead to a female phenotype despite the presence of a Y chromosome, more rarely to a male
phenotype with XX chromosomes, or to intersex phenotypes. Interestingly, these phenotypes are often associated
with other developmental malformations. In testis, spermatozoa are produced from renewable stem cells in a complex
differentiation process called spermatogenesis. Gene expression during spermatogenesis differs to a surprising
degree from gene expression in somatic cells, and we discuss here mechanistic differences and their effect on the
differentiation process and male fertility.Received 23 January 2004; received after revision 30 March 2004; accepted 6 April 2004 相似文献
794.
The myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) gene (Plp) encodes the most abundant protein found in myelin from the central nervous system (CNS). Expression of the gene is regulated in a spatiotemporal manner with maximal levels of expression occurring in oligodendrocytes during the active myelination period of CNS development, although other cell types in the CNS as well as in the periphery can express the gene to a much lower degree. In oligodendrocytes, Plp gene expression is tightly regulated. Underexpression or overexpression of the gene has been shown to have adverse effects in humans and other vertebrates. In light of this strict control, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of Plp gene regulation.Received 4 August 2003; received after revision 17 September 2003; accepted 24 September 2003 相似文献
795.
Polarization of immunity induced by direct injection of naked sequence-stabilized mRNA vaccines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Carralot JP Probst J Hoerr I Scheel B Teufel R Jung G Rammensee HG Pascolo S 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2004,61(18):2418-2424
In the context of developing a safe genetic vaccination strategy we tested and studied globin-stabilized mRNA-based
vaccination in mice. This vaccination strategy has the advantages of genetic vaccination (easy production, adaptability to
any disease and inexpensive storage when lyophilized), but not the drawbacks of DNA vaccination (long-term uncontrolled
expression of a transgene, possibility of integration into the host genome and possible induction of anti-DNA antibodies).
We report here that injection of naked -globin untranslated region (UTR)-stabilized mRNA coding for
-galactosidase is followed by detectable translation in vivo. In addition, we show that such a vaccination strategy
primes a T helper 2 (Th2) type of response which can be enhanced and shifted to a Th1-type immune response by application
of recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 day after mRNA injection. Our data demonstrate that the
administration of globin UTR-stabilized mRNA is a versatile vaccination strategy that can be manipulated to fit the
requirement of antiviral, antibacterial or antitumor immunity.Received 14 June 2004; received after revision 19 July 2004; accepted 9 August 2004 相似文献
796.
Li Li-qing Chen Dong-hua College of Chemistry Life Sciences South Central University for Nationalities Wuhan Hubei China 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2004,9(2):239-246
0 IntroductionThetechnologyofthermalanalysishasbeenwidelyusedinthestudyofthermalbehaviorandthermalcharacterofsolidstatereaction ,theprimaryintentionofthermalanalysiskineticsistoestablishseparatevaluesofapparentactivationenergyE ,themostprobablemechanism g(α)andthepre exponentialfactorA ,meanwhilethedeterminationofg(α)hasgraduallybeenthefocusofthisfield .Inthisfield ,therearemostlygeneralkineticsmethodsused presently ,suchasCoats Redfern’s[1 ] integralmethod ,Achar’s[2 \〗differentialmet… 相似文献
797.
LIUAn-feng CHENZhi-gang LONGGuo-ping 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2004,9(5):749-754
A new admission control algorithm considering the network self-similar access characteristics is proposed. Taking advantage of the mathematical model of the network traffic admission control which can effectively overcome the self-similar characteristics of tile network requests, through the scheduling of the differential service queue based on priority while at the same time taking into account various factors including access characteristics of requests, load information, etc. smoothness of the admission control is ensured by the algorlthm proposed in this paper. We design a non-linear self-adapting control algorithm by introducing an exponential admission function, thus overcomes the negative aspects introduced by static threshold parameters. Simulation results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively improve the resource utilization of the clusters, while at the same time protecting the service with high priority. Our simulation resuhs also show that this algorithm can improve system stability and reliability too. 相似文献
798.
一类非线性微分方程的周期解 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘俊 《曲靖师范学院学报》2004,23(6):35-37
研究了一类四阶非线性微分方程,运用Liapunov函数,得到了该微分方程存在周期解的充分条件. 相似文献
799.
GAO Xiaoshan 《系统科学与复杂性》2002,(4)
In this paper, we present a constructive proof of Luroth's theorem in differential case. We also give a method to find the inversion maps for general differential rational parametric equations. As a consequence, we prove that a differential rational curve always has a set of proper parametric equations. 相似文献
800.