汉代字书中的农学语汇

文章列举汉代字书《尔雅》《说文解字》《方言》《释名》《急就篇》等与农学相关的术语,在结合农学史对相关语汇进行考察的同时,展示术语所反映的汉代农学成就及术语对其后农学发展的影响,以期为今日科技术语参考。     

基于登录词邻接关系的双条件概率的领域术语抽取算法

领域词典作为中文信息处理的基础,在各个领域都有着重要的应用.而人工构建领域词典不仅工作量大,而且缺乏时效性.因此,自动构建领域词典成为目前研究的重点,而构建领域词典的关键是从领域语料中自动抽取领域术语.本文以金融领域作为切入点,提出了根据登录词前后邻接关系计算邻接词之间的双条件概率自动识别领域术语.实验证明,本文提出的算法不仅能够有效地提取新术语,同时在小语料和低词频情况下也能取得较好的效果.     

在线夏汉电子字典的设计与实现

利用计算机技术实现了西夏文、汉文和英文之间的在线双向翻译.首先讨论了在线夏汉电子字典应用程序基本结构,建立了夏汉电子字典关系型数据库.然后对静态图像和动态水印2种方法显示西夏文字进行了研究,并利用模糊查询技术实现了基于汉文、西夏文、英文、四角号码及夏汉字典顺序号等5种关键字的自动检索功能.最终实现了网络下的在线夏汉电子...     

多发音字典在维吾尔语方言语音识别中的应用

基于标准语音的识别系统在识别带有发音变异的口语语料时,识别率较低。针对这一问题,提出了一种在标准维吾尔语发音字典的基础上生成多发音字典的方法。采用基于专家经验和数据驱动相结合的方法分析了维吾尔语方言口音发音变异规则,构造发音变异集合,生成初始的多发音字典,并运用了自动数据处理算法和门限阈值法,使得能够从方言口音训练语音数据中自动获得精简的多发音字典。实验结果表明:该方法对维吾尔语方言口音的识别性能有提升作用。     

The ontic conception of scientific explanation

Wesley Salmon's version of the ontic conception of explanation is a main historical root of contemporary work on mechanistic explanation. This paper examines and critiques the philosophical merits of Salmon's version, and argues that his conception's most fundamental construct is either fundamentally obscure, or else reduces to a non-ontic conception of explanation. Either way, the ontic conception is a misconception.     

No understanding without explanation

Scientific understanding, this paper argues, can be analyzed entirely in terms of a mental act of “grasping” and a notion of explanation. To understand why a phenomenon occurs is to grasp a correct explanation of the phenomenon. To understand a scientific theory is to be able to construct, or at least to grasp, a range of potential explanations in which that theory accounts for other phenomena. There is no route to scientific understanding, then, that does not go by way of scientific explanation.     

Understanding beyond grasping propositions: A discussion of chess and fish

In this paper, we argue that, contra Strevens (2013), understanding in the sciences is sometimes partially constituted by the possession of abilities; hence, it is not (in such cases) exhausted by the understander's bearing a particular psychological or epistemic relationship to some set of structured propositions. Specifically, the case will be made that one does not really understand why a modeled phenomenon occurred unless one has the ability to actually work through (meaning run and grasp at each step) a model simulation of the underlying dynamic.     

Abduction, tomography, and other inverse problems

Charles S. Peirce introduced in the late 19^th century the notion of abduction as inference from effects to causes, or from observational data to explanatory theories. Abductive reasoning has become a major theme in contemporary logic, philosophy of science, and artificial intelligence. This paper argues that the new growing branch of applied mathematics called inverse problems deals successfully with various kinds of abductive inference within a variety of scientific disciplines. The fundamental theorem about the inverse reconstruction of plane functions from their line integrals was proved by Johann Radon already in 1917. The practical applications of Radon’s theorem and its generalizations include computerized tomography which became a routine imaging technique of diagnostic medicine in the 1970s.     

RDLUS V1．2在土地利用现状数据库建设中的应用

建立土地管理信息系统是当今“数字国土工程“的重要组成部分,本文以RDLUSV1．2为基础,详细介绍利用扫描矢量化的方法建立土地管理信息系统的过程,并对在建库过程中数据采集、数据转换、数据检查和质量控制等方面的关键问题给出了解决方案,满足了利用GIS技术来管理土地利用现状基础数据的需求,并对类似土地利用现状数据库建设工作有一定参考价值。     

BonJour on explanation and skepticism

Laurence BonJour, among others, has argued that inference to the best explanation allows us to reject skeptical hypotheses in favor of our common-sense view of the world. BonJour considers several skeptical hypotheses, specifically: (i) our experiences arise by mere chance, uncaused; (ii) the simple hypothesis which states merely that our experiences are caused unveridically; and (iii) an elaborated hypothesis which explains in detail how our unveridical experiences are brought about. A central issue is whether the coherence of one’s experience makes that experience more likely to be veridical. BonJour’s recent treatment of “analog” and “digital” skeptical hypotheses is also discussed. I argue that, although there are important lessons to be learned from BonJour’s writings, his use of inference to the best explanation against skepticism is unsuccessful.