硅藻土对诺卡氏菌的吸附作用

研究了吉林长白硅藻土吸附水相中诺卡氏菌的吸附过程,讨论了吸附时间、硅藻土用量、溶液初始pH值和吸附温度等实验条件对吸附效果的影响·实验结果表明,硅藻土对水相中的诺卡氏菌具有较好的吸附效果·该吸附过程进行得较快,在20min左右即可达到吸附平衡;在溶液初始pH值为7 0～9 0内都有较好的吸附效果;温度对吸附过程的影响不大,室温条件下操作即可;在诺卡氏菌浓度一定的条件下,适量增加硅藻土用量可以提高吸附效果·扫描电镜分析结果表明,硅藻土表面的微孔和诺卡氏菌表面的菌丝可能是吸附过程的主要吸附位·     

硅藻土对水相中啤酒酵母菌的吸附研究

通过考察吸附条件对吸附率及吸附负载量的影响,研究了吉林长白硅藻土对水相中啤酒酵母菌的吸附特性·实验结果表明,硅藻土对啤酒酵母菌有较好的吸附效果;硅藻土对啤酒酵母菌的吸附在20min就达到吸附平衡;pH值在7 5时吸附效果最好;在硅藻土用量为20g/L,溶液中啤酒酵母菌质量浓度为40g/L时,硅藻土对其吸附率为64%,硅藻土吸附啤酒酵母菌的吸附负载量为160mg/g·吸附温度对该吸附过程影响不大,室温下操作即可·经测试显示,吉林长白硅藻土粒度小、比表面积大,其优势藻属为小环藻和直链藻,且其表面孔洞通畅,层次分明,分布均匀且排列有序,是一种天然的优质吸附剂·     

纳米氧化锆增韧牙科用硅藻土陶瓷的性能

探讨了不同含量纳米氧化锆颗粒对牙科用硅藻土陶瓷的增韧增强作用.在硅藻土陶瓷基体原料中添加纳米氧化锆颗粒(w(ZrO2)=0～30%),复合粉体经球磨、烘干、研磨、过筛后压制成型,然后于1 100℃常压高温烧结.制得样品经打磨抛光后采用三点弯曲法和压痕法测试陶瓷的力学性能,并利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析其物相组成和显微结构.实验结果表明,当w(ZrO2)=20%时,硅藻土陶瓷的增韧效果最为明显,三点抗弯强度提高130%,断裂韧性提高30%,硬度则提高较少.经过纳米氧化锆增强增韧的硅藻土陶瓷满足牙科用全瓷材料性能的基本要求.     

响应面法优化硅藻土制备水玻璃工艺研究

以试剂型硅藻土作为硅源,通过碱溶法提取活性硅可制备SiO2气凝胶材料.通过响应面中的Box-Behnken试验设计方法,以SiO2溶出率和水玻璃模数的加权平均值为评价指标,优化硅藻土制备水玻璃工艺,以获得最优的工艺参数.试验结果表明,当碱硅质量比为3∶10,NaOH质量浓度为10％,反应温度为90℃时,水玻璃模数与SiO2溶出率的加权平均值达到最大值79.91％.     

A/O法投加硅藻原土处理城镇污水脱氮除磷小试研究

以硅藻原土作为微生物载体处理城镇生活污水,进行连续流小试试验.在水力停留时间为3.19h,好氧段溶解氧2.0～3.0mg/L,回流比200%的情况下,出水COD、总氮、氨氮及总磷的浓度分别为27mg/L,9.5mg/L,0.7mg/L,1.1mg/L.试验表明:缺氧与好氧的总停留时间在1.6h时装置即具有较好的脱氮效果,装置有着一定的除磷作用,投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)对总磷的去除有一定的提升作用,但提高的空间有限.     

硅藻土滑坡稳定性分析及其时间预报

目的在分析硅藻土对斜坡不稳定性的特性指标的基础上,研究滑坡的形成机理,进而提出滑坡的防治措施。方法分析总结前人的滑坡体稳定性计算理论,建立适合于缓倾角混合岩土质滑坡计算模型,同时在模型中引进建筑荷载及降雨导致地下水位上升的动态参数。结果地下水位场的变化对滑坡体稳定性敏感较大,人工荷载的影响次之,利用建立的预报模型可以进行滑坡预报。结论建立的滑坡体稳定性评价模型与滑坡时间的预报判据,操作简便,结果与实际相吻合。     

1H MAS NMR spectra of hydroxyl species on diatomite surface

High spinning speed¹H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H MAS NMR) was used to detect surface hydroxyl groups of diatomite, which include isolated hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups, and water adsorbed on diatomite surface that include pore water and hydrogen-bonded water. The corresponding proton chemical shifts of above species are ca. 2.0, 6.0–7.1, 4.9 and 3.0 respectively. Accompanied by thermal treatment temperature ascending, the pore water and hydrogen-bonded water are desorbed successively. As a result, the relative intensities of the peaks assigned to protons of isolated hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups increase gradually and reach their maxima at 1000°C. After 1100°C calcination, the hydroxyl groups that classified to strongly hydrogen-bonded ones and the isolated hydroxyl groups condense basically. But some weakly hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups may still persist in the micropores.     

纳米分子筛和硅藻土去除水中氨氮的比较研究

为了解纳米分子筛和硅藻土去除水中氨氮的可行性,分别进行了单独投加纳米分子筛和硅藻土去除水中氨氮的研究,而且考察了纳米分子筛和硅藻土复配去除氨氮的可行性,结果表明,单独投加纳米分子筛时,纳米分子筛对溶液中氨氮具有吸附速度快的特点,在吸附时间5 min时即可达吸附容量的90%,但存在着反应后溶液偏碱性,溶液浊度大幅度增高的现象,且反应后溶液pH值和溶液中浊度与纳米分子筛投加量间存在良好的函数关系;单独投加硅藻土时,硅藻土对溶液中氨氮几乎没有作用,反应前后溶液中氨氮质量浓度几乎没变,但投加硅藻土后溶液显酸性,而且硅藻土的沉降速度比较快;纳米分子筛和硅藻土复配后大大改善了溶液的pH环境,对氨氮的去除率明显高于单独投加纳米分子筛的去除率.     

硅藻土处理工业废水中铜离子的研究

研究了利用硅藻土静态处理含铜工业废水,讨论了投加量、pH值、温度、搅拌时间、搅拌速度及静置时间对去除铜离子的影响。找出硅藻土去除铜离子的最适条件,为工业废水除铜提供了基础。     

Diatomite Precoated Nonwoven Membrane Bioreactor for Domestic Wastewater Reclamation

Nonwoven was selected as filtration materials in submerged membrane bioreactor( MBR) for domestic wastewater reclamation. For its hydrophobic membrane surface,diatomite was precoated on nonwoven to improve membrane hydrophilicity. In the precoating stage,diatomite dynamic membrane could be formed on10 μm polyethylene nonwoven surface efficiently and effluent turbidity could be below 5 nephelometric turbidity units( NTU).The MBR system was operated steadily under gravity flow and scanning electron microscope( SEM) analysis showed that nonwoven membrane was only partially fouled at the membrane flux of 5 L/( m2·h). Average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand( COD) and NH +4-N were above 86 % and 50 %,respectively. The effluent turbidity and chromaticity were below 5 NTU and 25°,respectively. Those results could meet the requirements for wastewater reuse.