Seven new species of the genus Pseudostegana (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from South-west China,with DNA barcoding information

Seven new species of the genus Pseudostegana are discovered from South China: P. latiapicula sp. nov., P. nannanae sp. nov., P. bingxueae sp. nov., P. husaensis sp. nov., P. linyongi sp. nov., P. montipagana sp. nov., and P. sigangli sp. nov.; the first two new species belong to the P. latiparma species group, and the rest belong to the P. zonaria species group. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene with BOLD Process ID and GenBank accession numbers are provided for the seven new species and 10 known species from southern China: P. acutifoliolata Li, Gao and Chen, 2010; P. angustifasciata Chen and Wang, 2005, P. bifasciata Chen, Toda and Wang, 2005, P. bilobata Li, Gao and Chen, 2010; P. insularis Li, Gao and Chen, 2010; P. latifasciata Chen, Toda and Wang, 2005, P. minutipalpata; P. nitidifrons Chen and Wang, 2005, P. pallidemaculata Chen and Wang, 2005 and P. silvana. Intra- and interspecific pairwise Kimura’s two-parameter (K2P) distances among these species are summarised. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C01D7920-61AD-4651-8861-9D76C3CD86F6     

A Time‐Simultaneous Prediction Box for a Multivariate Time Series

A sample‐based method in Kolsrud (Journal of Forecasting 2007; 26 (3): 171–188) for the construction of a time‐simultaneous prediction band for a univariate time series is extended to produce a variable‐ and time‐simultaneous prediction box for a multivariate time series. A measure of distance based on the L_∞ ‐norm is applied to a learning sample of multivariate time trajectories, which can be mean‐ and/or variance‐nonstationary. Based on the ranking of distances to the centre of the sample, a subsample of the most central multivariate trajectories is selected. A prediction box is constructed by circumscribing the subsample with a hyperrectangle. The fraction of central trajectories selected into the subsample can be calibrated by bootstrap such that the expected coverage of the box equals a prescribed nominal level. The method is related to the concept of data depth, and thence modified to increase coverage. Applications to simulated and empirical data illustrate the method, which is also compared to several other methods in the literature adapted to the multivariate setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Co-occurrence of three Aristolochia-feeding Papilionids (Archon apollinus,Zerynthia polyxena and Zerynthia cerisy) in Greek Thrace

Comparative studies of co-occurring species using overlapping resources may help in understanding the mechanisms supporting biotic diversity in species-rich regions, such as the Mediterranean region of Europe. Three Papilionidae butterflies, Archon apollinus, Zerynthia cerisy and Zerynthia polyxena, develop on Aristolochia plants and co-occur in Greek Thrace. We used mark–recapture to describe adult demography and dispersal, and searched for eggs and larvae to assess host plants and microhabitat preferences. Adult flight timing followed a sequence from earliest A. apollinus, through Z. polyxena to late Z. cerisy; this was more prominent in 2010 (warm early spring) than in 2011 (cold delayed spring). Population densities were highest for A. apollinus and lowest for Z. cerisy, whereas dispersal ability followed a reverse pattern. Adults of all three species crossed distances > 3 km and used all habitat types present. Four Aristolochia host plants were used at the study locality: small Aristolochia pallida, intermediate Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia hirta, and bulky, late-sprouting Aristolochia clematitis. Both A. apollinus and Z. polyxena used all four Aristolochia species, the former preferring Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia hirta, the latter Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia pallida. Zerynthia cerisy did not use the early-growing Aristolochia pallida while frequently using the late-growing Aristolochia clematitis. Further parameters affecting oviposition were biotope and canopy closure: early A. apollinus tolerated shady sites but late Z. cerisy avoided them. The simultaneous use of several host plants differing in phenology and habitat requirements, combined with rather high dispersal ability, arguably buffers the butterflies’ population dynamics against yearly variation in weather, while allowing efficient occupation of the diverse Mediterranean landscapes. The regional habitat diversity, created during millennia of human activity, is currently threatened by land abandonment, which may diminish the resource base for the studied butterflies.     

多连通区域上一类带开方的Riemann 边值问题

在由L分割的复平面是L围成的区域S 和由l 1个连通分支Si-(i=0,1,2,…,l)组成的开集S-情形下,求出边值问题ψ (t)=G(t)ψ-(t) g(t)的一般解为ψ(z)=∏(z)X(z)2(2 1π∫iLg(t)dtX (t)∏(t)(t-z) Pλ(z))2.     

基于DEM的河网缓冲区生成方法研究

在洪水灾害危险程度区划中,需建立河网缓冲区.但是,不考虑地形影响而只按河流等级给定缓冲区宽度,则不能很好地反映实际情况.为解决这一问题,利用长江中下游的DEM和河网分布图,提出了基于DEM的河网缓冲区生成方法:利用无填洼的DEM生成流水网,进而生成子流域;挑选出河流和湖泊经过的子流域并将其进行合并,以合并后的结果作为河流和湖泊的缓冲区.结果表明,基于DEM的河网缓冲区生成方法能够生成符合实际情况的河网缓冲区.     

线性不等式约束优化问题的强信赖域算法

对一类带有非负边界约束的线性不等式约束优化问题进行了研究,提出了一种新的信赖域算法.该算法在内点法的基础上,把非负边界约束从一般的不等式约束中分离出来,化为信赖域约束的一部分,得到一个简单易解的子问题.在一定的条件下证明了该算法具有强收敛性,并给出了数值结果.     

硅基微电感的研究

阐述了一种在硅杯表面采用浓硼扩散区与镀金属膜形成的欧姆接触电极作为内引线的硅基电感的新制造方法,提出了在硅杯背面用激光器打孔以减薄衬底厚度,从而使电感的Q值得到提高的一种方案,并应用目前普遍采用的电感模型,利用Ansys有限元软件中的电磁分析模块模拟了电感几何参数与磁感应强度、电感值的关系。结果表明,该方法具有制造工艺简单、与IC工艺相兼容的优点,有广泛的应用领域。     

激光标刻的复杂区域填充算法

为减少填充线段和提高激光加工效率,对复杂区域的填充算法进行了研究．采用延长某些岛屿边界将包含岛屿的区域变为单连通域;然后用最长边延长法和最长边平行截取法将单连通域分解为简单凸多边形,简单凸多边形填充方法是先找到凸多边形所有边对应的高最小的那条边,平行该边进行填充,最后对填充线段的连接顺序进行优化处理．与传统的固定方向扫描填充相比,采用本算法可使复杂区域和实心文字的激光标刻效率提高20％～40％．     

一种形态学梯度滑降算法的研究

滑降算法是一种重要的图像分割工具,然而基于滑降算法的图像分割在很大程度上依赖于待分割图像梯度的计算.提出了一种多尺度形态学梯度滑降分割算法.该算法首先利用多尺度形态学梯度,通过大小不同的结构元素提取图像梯度特征,获得梯度图像,然后利用滑降算法进行图像分割,为了减少滑降算法的过分割现象,提出了区域面积和区域相似性规则的区域合并的方法.实验结果表明,本方法具有较好的分割效果,同时分割中结构元形状、尺度可以灵活选取,使得该方法适用范围相对比较广泛.     

基于自适应背景模型的动态场景目标检测

背景建模一直是运动目标检测中的一个重要课题。该文提出一个适用于动态背景的基于非参数估计的前景背景对比模型。模型通过核函数估计的方法模拟了像素点五维特征向量的概率分布,并在图像序列中滚动更新。实验证明,上述算法能够在一般目标检测,特别是动态场景(摇动树枝等)的检测中取得较好的效果。