应用 COMT 基因 SNP 位点鉴别拉布拉多和金毛猎犬胆量行为的研究

摘要:目的 检测拉布拉多和金毛猎犬儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶( Catechol-O-methyltransferase,COMT)基因 SNP 位点的多态性,并统计分析 SNP 位点的基因型及单倍型与犬胆量行为间的关联性,以期为工作犬培训的前期筛选提供有效的遗传学分子标记。 方法 选取 91 只拉布拉多和 27 只金毛猎犬,共计 118 只,采用犬胆量评估( dog courage assessment,DCA)测试方法对犬的胆量行为进行评估,用高分辨率熔解曲线法( high resolution melting,HRM) 对该118 只犬的 COMT 基因的 4 个 SNP 位点:-1 666 bp C>G、c. 39 A>G、c. 216 G>A 和 c. 482 G>A 进行基因型鉴定,应用SPSS 19. 0 和 PHASE 2. 1 软件统计分析 4 个 SNP 位点的基因型和单倍型与犬胆量行为之间的相关性。 结果 拉布拉多和金毛猎犬的品种、性别和年龄与犬的胆量行为之间没有显著关联性( P>0. 05) 。 COMT 基因的 4 个 SNP 位点的基因型与拉布拉多和金毛猎犬的胆量行为之间存在显著相关性( P< 0. 01) 。 COMT 基因 4 个 SNP 位点的单倍型与拉布拉多和金毛猎犬的胆小性情显著相关( P<0. 01) ,并且 c. 216 G>A 和 c. 482 G>A 位点的 A 等位基因在犬的胆小行为上起主导作用。 结论 COMT 基因的 4 个 SNP 位点的基因型和单倍型与拉布拉多和金毛猎犬的胆量行为之间存在显著相关性,提示 COMT 基因对犬的胆量行为具有显著的影响,可作为胆小犬早期鉴定的有效遗传学分子标记。     

MAOA 在诱导前列腺癌神经内分泌分化中的作用

摘要:目的 建立神经内分泌性前列腺癌( neuroendocrine prostate cancer,NEPC) 细胞模型和动物模型,探讨单胺氧化酶 A( monoamine oxidase A,MAOA)在前列腺癌神经内分泌分化( neuroendocrine transdifferentiation,NED) 中的作用及机制。 方法 选取人前列腺癌细胞系 C4-2,通过恩杂鲁胺( enzalutamide,ENZ)长期诱导获得 NEPC 细胞模型;通过酶活性实验、Real-time PCR 和 Western blot 技术检测 NED 过程中 MAOA 的水平变化;使用 MAOA 抑制剂氯吉灵( clorgyline,CLG)检测 MAOA 对神经内分泌标志物的影响并探讨其潜在机制;建立前列腺癌异种移植模型,体内实验验证 MAOA 与 NED 之间的相关性。 结果 ENZ 可作为诱导 NEPC 模型的方法;在 ENZ 引起的 NED 过程中,MAOA 的表达和活性增加;抑制 MAOA 的活性可以延缓 NED 的发生,这可能是 MAOA 通过抑制缺氧信号实现的。结论 MAOA 是促进 NED 和维持神经内分泌细胞特性的关键靶点,MAOA 抑制剂 CLG 可以延缓 NEPC 发生,可能作为前列腺癌患者的潜在治疗药物。     

猕猴结肠镜检查前的肠道准备

摘要:猕猴是非常重要且珍贵的实验动物。 不处死猕猴为前提,以反复多次对猕猴进行全结肠肠道检查及研究为。目的,建立猕猴全结肠内镜检查前的肠道准备方法尤为重要。 本研究补充此方法目前尚无报道的空白。 30 只猕猴,结肠镜检查前 3 h 分多次予以芒硝溶液管喂。 通过肠镜观察肠道清洁情况,其中 3 只猕猴肠道准备为Ⅲ 级,其余猕猴肠道准备均为Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ 级。 所有猕猴在洗肠过程中,无严重脱水、休克、死亡等并发症发生,肠道准备为Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ级猕猴顺利完成全结肠内镜检查。     

LOD score exclusion analyses for candidate disease susceptibility genes using case-parents design

The focus of almost all the association studies of candidate genes is to test for their importance. We recently developed a LOD score approach that can be used to test against the importance of candidate genes for complex diseases and quantitative traits in random samples. As a complementary method to regular association analyses, our LOD score approach is powerful but still affected by the population admixture, though it is more conservative. To control the confounding effect of population heterogeneity, we develop here a LOD score exclusion analysis using case?parents design, the basic design of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) approach that is immune to population admixture. In the analysis, specific genetic effects and inheritance models at candidate genes can be analyzed and if a LOD score is ≤-2.0, the locus can be excluded from having an effect larger than that specified. Simulations show that this approach has reasonable power to exclude a candidate gene having small genetic effects if it is not a disease susceptibility locus (DSL) with sample size often employed in TDT studies. Similar to association analyses with the TDT in nuclear families, our exclusion analyses are generally not affected by population admixture. The exclusion analyses may be implemented to rule out candidate genes with no or minor genetic effects as supplemental analyses for the TDT. The utility of the approach is illustrated with an application to test the importance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene underlying the differential risk to osteoporosis.     

An Empirical Study on Tangible Augmented Reality Learning Space for Design Skill Transfer

Tangible augmented reality (TAR) technology opens a novel realm which integrates the computer-generated elements into the real word. Its applications into design education have been explored with a limi-tation to this entire area. TAR offers an innovative learning space by merging digital learning materials into the format of media with tools or objects which are direct parts of the physical space. It is therefore conceived that such combination opens new perspectives in teaching and learning. This paper presented and evaluated one TAR system to improve the pedagogical effectiveness of experiential and collaborative learning process in urban design education. The results from the experiments were analyzed under a previously developed theoretical framework, which show that TAR can enhance the design activities in some collaborative work.     

近五年测绘工程本科毕业设计(论文)的调查与分析

通过对武汉大学测绘工程专业近五年本科毕业设计(论文)进行归纳统计分析,并对2005届的毕业生进行抽样调查,得出一些具有参考价值的分析结果,期望对提高教学质量和培养水平有所帮助.     

The property diagram in heat transfer and its applications

Inspired by the property diagrams in thermodynamics,which distinctly reflect the performance and characteristics of thermodynamic cycles,we establish a state equation for heat motion and introduce a two-dimension property diagram,T-q diagram,in heat transfer to analyze and optimize the performance of heat exchangers,where heat flow is a state parameter for heat motion.According to the property diagram,it is convenient to obtain the influences of heat exchanger area,heat capacity rate and flow arrangement on the heat transfer performance during the analysis of heat exchangers and their networks.For instance,when analyzing the heat exchanger network in a district heating system,it is obvious to find that:if both the heat demand and the indoor air temperature in each branch of the network are the same,the total area of heat exchangers,the flow rate of water and the return water temperature in each branch are all the same;if the indoor air temperatures in different branches are different,the temperatures of the waters after flowing through different branches are different,which means that the mixing process of return waters with the same temperature is not an essential requirement to realize the best performance of district heating systems.     

Study on the FEM design of reinforced earth retaining wall with geogrid

At present, limit equilibrium method is often adopted in the design of reinforced earth retaining wall. Geotechnical engineers at home and abroad have done a lot of work to improve the traditional calculation methods in recent years, while there are lots of defects. This paper first identifies the location of failure surface and safety factor through the finite element program of PLAXIS and then analyses the influencing factors of the stability of reinforced earth retaining wall with geogrid. The authors adopt strength reduction FEM in the design and stability analysis of reinforced earth retaining wall and have achieved some satisfying results. Without any assumptions, the new design method can automatically judge the failure mode of reinforced earth retaining wall; can consider the influence of axial tensile stiffness of the reinforcement stripe on the stability of retaining wall; can identify reasonable distance and length of the reinforcement stripe; can choose suitable parameters of reinforcement stripe, including strength, stiffness and pseudo-friction coefficient which makes the design optimal. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reasonable, reliable and economical in the design of reinforced earth retaining wall.     

波形钢腹板组合梁疲劳性能研究进展

波形钢腹板组合梁具有施工速度快、节省支架和模板等优点,具有十分广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了波形钢腹板组合梁的组成及受力特点、国内外应用情况及研究现状。在系统分析已有研究成果的基础上,对波形钢腹板组合梁的抗疲劳性能的研究与设计方法进行了分析与研究,并指出了目前存在的问题与不足。