Extracellular matrix and neuronal movement

Summary During brain development, both neuronal migration and axon guidance are influenced by extracellular matrix molecules present in the environment of the migrating neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibers. Glial laminin is an extracellular matrix protein which these early brain cells preferentially attach to. Extracellular glycosaminoglycans are suggested to function in restricting neuronal cell bodies and axons from certain brain areas. Since laminin is deposited along the radial glial fibers and along the developing nerve pathways in punctate form, the punctate assemblies may be one of the key factors in routing the developing neurons in vivo. This review discusses the role of laminin in neuronal movement given the present concept of the extracellular matrix molecules and their proposed interactions.     

Muscle fluorometry: A determination of the depth of penetration

Summary Fluorometric recordings of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were made on rabbit papillary muscles. The specimens were placed between the UV light source and a small window of the detection stage. As the muscle was moved over the window in a transverse direction, simultaneous measurement could be taken of transmitted UV light and fluorescent light for various thicknesses of tissue. It is concluded that a muscle thinckness of 0.65 mm, is optimal before absorption of the incident light decreases the fluorescence signal.     

声波测井与地震数据匹配的新方法

提出了一种有效的对常规采样方法改进的深时转换方法，其技术关键是在对测井曲线或反射系数序列进行深时转换时，将丢失的反射界面信息加回到按常规采样方法得到的序列中去。     

Spatiotemporal programs and genetics of orientation

Summary A number of migratory bird species have endogenous annual rhythms that regulate the entire annual cycle including the migratory portion. Moreover, captive migrants display inherited migratory activity; this could theoretically also be used by free-living migrants as a time-program for migration. Finally, this heritable migratory activity is oriented in a seasonally appropriate direction even in naive birds. These, characteristics should enable inexperienced migrants isolated from contact with experienced conspecifics to utilize a heritable vector-navigation program to migrate from the breeding grounds to the winter quarters. That is, migrants should reach goal areas they have never experienced by migrating in programmed directions, for as long a period as the genetically fixed time-program for migratory activity induces them to do so. The time-course of migration as established by trapping stations, theoretical influences of environmental variables on migratory programs, and also compensatory behavior and migratory backup measures, are discussed. The present evidence supports the view that a large number of migrants are essentially brought to their wintering areas by vector-navigation systems.     

Wind and orientation of migrating birds: A review

Summary Migratory flights are strongly affected by wind, and birds have developed many adaptations to cope with wind effects. By day, overland migrants at high altitudes may often allow crosswinds to drift their tracks laterally from the preferred heading. In contrast, many birds at low altitude adjust their headings to compensate for drift, and may overcompensate to allow for previous drift. The relative motion of landscape features is probably used to sense drift, at least by day. By night, some overland migrants compensate fully for drift but others do not; no pattern is obvious. Over the sea, compensation is rarely if ever total; wave patterns may allow partial compensation. Other adaptations can include reduction of drift by flying at times and/or altitudes without strong crosswinds. Some birds recognize the need to change course to allow for previous wind displacement, and reorient at least roughly toward the original route or destination. Some juveniles en route to previously-unvisited wintering grounds seem to have this ability, but corroboration is needed. Such reorientation may not require a true navigation ability. However, some birds have unexplained abilities to sense the wind while aloft.     

Nonlinear RCMC method for spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic SAR

In the spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SA-FBSAR),due to the system platforms’ remarkable velocity difference and the forward-looking mode,the range cell migration (RCM) not only depends on the target’s twodimensional location,but also varies with the range location nonlinearly.And the nonlinearity is not just the slight deviation from the linear part,but exhibits evident nonlinear departure in the RCM trajectory.If the RCM is not properly corrected,nonlinear image distortions would occur.Based on the RCM model,a modified two-step RCM compensation (RCMC) method for SA-FBSAR is proposed.In this method,firstly the azimuth-dependent RCM is compensated by the scaling Fourier transform and the phase multiplication.And then the range-dependent RCM is removed through interpolation.The effectiveness of the proposed RCMC method is verified by the simulation results of both point scatterers and area targets.     

Optimization in the Migration Problem of Mobile Agents in Distributed Information Retrieval Systems

In this paper,we employ genetic algorithms to solve the migration problem (MP).We propose a new encoding scheme to represent trees,which is composed of two parts;the pre-ordered traversal sequence of tree vertices and the children number sequence of corresponding tree vertices.The proposed encoding scheme has the advantages of simplicity for encoding and decoding,ease for GA operations,and better equilibrium between exploration and exploitation.It is also adaptive in that,with few restrictions on the length of code,it can be freely lengthened or shortened according to the characteristics of the problem space.Furthermore,the encoding scheme is highly applicable to the degreeconstrained minimum spanning tree problem because it also contains the degree information of each node.The simulation results demonstrate the higher performance of our algorithm,with fast convergence to the optima or sub-optima on various problem sizes.Comparing with the binary string encoding of vertices,when the problem size is large,our algorithm runs remarkably faster with comparable search capability.     

东海某区块致密砂岩钻井液侵入深度实验研究

针对东海区块在钻井作业中钻井液对储层造成严重伤害的问题,开展了东海某区块致密砂岩钻井液侵入深度实验研究,研究中采用了电阻测试法和体积法两种方法,通过测量钻井液侵入过程中岩样电阻和钻井液滤液最大侵入量,并根据电阻、侵入量与时间的关系拟合出侵入深度和时间的关系从而计算钻井液侵入深度。获得了花港组下段致密砂岩基块岩样钻井液侵入深度,电阻测试法计算的钻井液侵入深度主要分布在34~49 cm,体积法计算结果为30~56 cm,钻井液侵入储层后伤害程度为78.2%~97.9%,伤害程度均为强。实验研究为东海区块在钻井和完井作业中控制滤失,减小损害程度提供了依据。     

埋深比对地铁车站与临近多层建筑峰值加速度响应的影响

为了对城市密集建筑区的抗震设计提供理论依据和参考,以三层三跨岛式车站和多层框架建筑为研究对象,采用有限元软件Abaqus对层状场地中由地铁车站与两个框架结构所组成的左右对称模型进行数值模拟实验,分析了不同埋深比对结构-土-结构相互作用(structure-soil-structure interaction, SSSI)效应的影响规律。结果表明,在地震作用下,当地铁车站埋深比小于等于1.5时,地铁车站与临近多层框架建筑间的SSSI效应对车站下半部分和上方框架结构所产生的不利影响值得重视;在埋深比增大过程中,临近建筑对车站上半区域的有利影响以及对车站整体的其他影响逐渐减弱,而车站对临近建筑的影响会整体趋向有利;地震动的频谱特性是地铁车站与临近多层建筑间地震反应的主要影响因素之一。