均值不等式的推广及应用

本文对均值不等式在指数方面作了推广,并举例说明本文的推广拓宽了均值不等式的应用,使一些问题简化.     

浅议直观及其在认知中的作用

近代西方哲学的奠基人笛卡尔提出获得真理的两种途径：一是通过直观，二是通过演绎。直观是用心灵去体验当下，而不是用语言去演绎，是心灵对存在当下认知的方式和能力。在静、空中，超越语言文字的层面上去直观，能够获得关于存在的真知。     

The performance of non‐linear exchange rate models: a forecasting comparison

In recent years there has been a considerable development in modelling non‐linearities and asymmetries in economic and financial variables. The aim of the current paper is to compare the forecasting performance of different models for the returns of three of the most traded exchange rates in terms of the US dollar, namely the French franc (FF/$), the German mark (DM/$) and the Japanese yen (Y/$). The relative performance of non‐linear models of the SETAR, STAR and GARCH types is contrasted with their linear counterparts. The results show that if attention is restricted to mean square forecast errors, the performance of the models, when distinguishable, tends to favour the linear models. The forecast performance of the models is evaluated also conditional on the regime at the forecast origin and on density forecasts. This analysis produces more evidence of forecasting gains from non‐linear models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于点变差函数的某些性质

设ｆ（ｘ）为定义于区间Ⅰ（有限或无限）上的有限实函数。任给实数δ＞０，ｘ∈０，∈Ｉ，Ｖ＾Ｘ＋δＸ－δ（ｆ）表示ｆ（ｘ）在［ｘ－δ，ｘ＋δ］上之全变差。     

Failure of opioids to affect excitation and contraction in isolated ventricular heart muscle

Summary The opioid agonists morphine (selective for -receptors) and ethylketocyclazocine (selective for kappa-receptors), at concentrations evoking strong effects in neuronal structures, did not significantly affect the configuration of the intracellularly recorded action potential and the force of contraction in ventricular heart muscle isolated from guinea pigs, rabbits and man. These results suggest that any changes of heart functions in vivo in response to opioid-like drugs are probably not mediated postsynaptically at the myocardial cell membrane but rather presynaptically, influencing the release of noradrenaline and/or acetylcholine from the nerve terminals.     

Immunogenetics

Summary The 1985 Catalog of Mapped Genes (Human Gene Mapping 8; 33) has been used to pick out the known, immunologically important genes; these are then discussed in the following order: 1. genes controlling organs, tissues and cells of the immune apparatus, 2. genes determining self structures, 3. genes determining the structures of immunological specificity, 4. genes determining substances with immunoregulatory and effector properties. The symbols for the genes and the biological functions of their products are explained. The genetics of the ABO blood groups, of the HLA-system and of antibody formation are given in rather more detail.     

MD Method in Solving Multiple Criteria Decision Problems Arising from Investment Systems

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Solutions of Two-point BVP in Banach Spaces

IntroductionGuoetal.[1]discussedthetwo-pointboundaryvalueproblem(BVP)forordinarydifferentialequationsinBanachspaces,-u″=f(t,u),　t∈I=[0,1]u(0)=u(1)=0andgavesomeconclusions.Usingthemonotoneiterationtechnique,SongFumindiscussedthesameBVP[1]andshoweditsmaximalandminimalsolutions[2].Inmoregeneralboundaryvaluecondi-tions,GuoandSun[3]discussedBVPinreflexiveBanachspacesandmadeseveralconclusions.InthisworkthefollowingBVPinrealBanachspace,E,isconsidered.Lu(-p(t)u′)′ q(t)u=f(t,u),B0uau(0)-…     

Biology of halophilic bacteria,Part II

Archaebacteria (archaea) are comprised of three groups of prokaryotes: extreme halophiles, methanogens and thermoacidophiles (extreme thermophiles). Their membrane phospholipids and glycolipids are derived entirely from a saturated, isopranoid glycerol diether,sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol (archaeol) and/or its dimer, dibiphytanyldiglyceroltetraether (caldarchaeol). In extreme halophiles, the major phospholipid is the archaeol analogue of phosphatidylglycerolmethylphosphate (PGP-Me); the glycolipids are sulfated and/or unsulfated glycosyl archaeols with diverse carbohydrate structure characteristic of taxons on the generic level. Biosynthesis of these archaeol-derived polar lipids occurs in a multienzyme, membrane-bound system that is absolutely dependent on high salt concentration (4 M). The highly complex biosynthetic pathways involve intermediates containing glycerol ether-linked C₂₀-isoprenyl groups which are reduced to phytanyl groups to give the final saturated polar lipids. In methanogens, polar lipids are derived both from archaeol and caldarchaeol, and thermoacidophiles contain essentially only caldarchaeol-derived polar lipids. The function of these membrane polar lipids in maintaining the stability, fluidity and ionic properties of the cell membrane of extreme halophiles, as well as the evolutionary implications of the archaeol and caldarchaeol-derived structures will be discussed.     

累次成像光学系统模型的建立及应用

分析了物在任意位置且两次以上累次成像这一问题，利用透镜成像的基本公式对之建立了数学模型，并归纳出应用该模型设计光学系统的一般步骤．