Preliminary observations of a bacteriophage infectingXenorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae)

A bacteriophage infective toXenorhabdus luminescens, a bacterial symbiont of heterorhabditid nematodes, was recovered from insects that supported poor nematode development. Plaque tests showed the phage particles to be infective only to primary and not secondary colonies ofX. luminescens. The phage was not infective toX. nenatophilus primaries or secondaries. The bacteriophage particles ranged 80–90 nm in length, with the head ranging from 40 to 50 nm in diameter. Restriction analysis was performed on isolated bacteriophage DNA. This first report of a bacteriophage fromXenorhabdus species has pratical implications since it could be detrimental to cultures ofHeterorhabditis nematodes that are being produced throughout the world for the biological control of insects.     

豆乳的乳酸菌发酵研究

从发酵酸牛乳手工业生产菌株中筛选出菌种活力高，产酸能力强的两株乳酸菌：ＨＬｂ（保加利亚乳杆菌）和ＨＳｔ（嗜热乳酸链球菌）二者协同作用，使酸豆乳的生产周期较以往资料所报道的缩短３７．５％，酸度提高２０％。     

大气中生物粒子等效率直径的研究

本文研究了大气中菌尘的相关关系,分析了纤维型滤料的菌尘效率曲线,提出了生物粒子“等效率直径”的概念。本文还依据空气过滤理论,进行了大量的理论计算,绘制了关于纤维型滤料的效率、阻力和各有关因素之间的关系的曲线。在此基础上,就如何选择专门用于滤除空气中生物粒子的滤材进行了定性的分析。     

Phytotoxins and their involvement in plant diseases. Introduction

Bacterial and fungal plant pathogens are known to produce diffusible toxins in infected plants. These phytotoxins are harmful to plants in very low concentrations, and many reproduce at least some of the symptoms of the relevant bacterial or fungal disease. Several phytotoxins have been shown to be involved in pathogenesis. Recent years have seen substantial progress in our knowledge about the nature, structure and mode of action of phytotoxins, and this is briefly reviewed. Finally, possible applications in fields other than plant pathology are mentioned.The Editors wish to thank Prof. A. Ballio and Prof. A. Graniti for coordinating this multi-author review.     

DSC法鉴别细菌初探

讨论了用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ法）鉴别细菌技术的可行性，尝试了在２５￣５００℃范围内对四种细菌进行快速的ＤＳＣ扫描，并据所得图谱对细菌进行鉴别，获得了较满意的结果，为鉴别细菌提供了一种快速的手段。     

中华鳖常见致病菌对13种抗菌药物的敏感性测定

本研究检测了13种抗菌药物对7株中华鳖致病菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），结果表明，从河南郑州的患病中华鳖体内分离的菌株较湖北武汉、湖北咸宁的病鳖体内分离的菌株对各类药物的敏感性强，而从武汉和咸宁产地的病鳖体内分离的菌株其对各类药物的敏感性也有很大差异，结果显示供试菌株对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性，推测滥用药物和用药方法不当是导致病原菌产生耐药性的原因。     

进水碳磷比对连续流反硝化除磷工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

针对连续流双污泥反硝化除磷工艺,考察进水碳磷质量比(m(C)/m(P))对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮和总磷(TP)去除效果的影响.系统进水COD和氨氮分别保持在250和45 mg/L左右,通过改变进水TP浓度来调整m(C)/m(P).实验结果表明:在m(C)/m(P)比分别为64.1,42.0,33.0和17.8的情况下,TP去除率分别为93.2％,92.0％,78.3％和65.8％,除磷效率明显降低.在m(C)/m(P)＞42.0的情况下,出水TP低于0.5 mg/L.随着m(C)/m(P)的降低,反硝化聚磷污泥释磷量和净聚磷量增加,净聚磷量分别为3.63,5.33,6.26和10.3mg/L.m(C)/m(P)减小有利于提高生物除磷系统的稳定性,但出水磷浓度会有所增加,可通过适当延长后置曝气池停留时间来降低出水磷浓度.m(C)/m(P)对COD的去除和脱氮的效果影响不大,COD去除率保持在85.6％～93.1％,氨氮的去除率大于93％.     

低温沼气发酵促进剂的研究

通过低温野生菌群和低温厌氧颗粒污泥菌群筛选,及其后续的互补复合优化,选育出了低温沼气发酵功能菌群。沼气发酵实验结果表明,该菌群采用后最高日产气量均明显高于单独采用野生菌群和厌氧颗粒污泥菌群,具有显著改善低温沼气发酵性能。以此为基础研制的低温沼气发酵促进剂,在13℃下可使产气率平均提高46.6%,10℃下产气率平均提高41.1%。沼气池试验中,低温沼气发酵促进剂可显著提高沼气的甲烷含量,可使甲烷含量平均提高24%。     

氢氧根辅助氧化亚铜的形貌控制合成及其性质研究

采用简单的室温液相还原法,通过调节OH-的浓度,成功合成了Cu2O纳米颗粒和微米立方块.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM等手段对产物进行了表征.研究了OH-浓度对Cu2O{100}面生长情况的影响,并探讨了两种形貌Cu2O的形成机理.利用固体紫外可见光谱测得不同形貌Cu2O的带隙能,微米立方块状Cu2O的带隙能小于纳米小颗粒的带隙能.研究了两种不同形貌的Cu2O的光催化降解甲基橙的性能,Cu2O微米立方块和Cu2O纳米颗粒对甲基橙的降解率分别为98.1%和71.4%,前者的光催化效果明显高于后者.光致发光光谱分析表明,Cu2O微米立方块的光致发光光谱强度较低,具有低的电子-空穴对复合率和高的电子-空穴对分离度.此外,还对Cu2O的抑菌性能进行了初步研究.