碱性过硫酸钾—水杨酸法测定脱水污泥总氮

为简单快速地检验脱水污泥指标,引入碱性过硫酸钾氧化—水杨酸法进行城市污水处理厂脱水污泥中总氮质量浓度测定。泥样取样量在0.0020~0.0500 g时,其在50 mL碱性过硫酸钾溶液氧化能力范围内;当取样量为0.0060~0.0080 g时,NO3-比色吸光度在标准曲线中部附近。12个平行泥样总氮测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.8%,数理统计结果表明该方法具有较好的准确度和精密度。     

ABR处理低浓度废水的启动研究

采用两个小试规模的厌氧折流板反应器(AHR,Anaerobic Baffled Reactor)处理低浓度人工合成废水,分别接种厌氧消化池泥和好氧活性污泥,考察了反应器启动的情况,结果表明：好氧活性污泥能启动处理低浓度废水的ABR,但必须经过一段较长时间的培养驯化过程,启动较慢;接种厌氧消化池泥的反应器34d完成启动,化学需氧：N(COD,Chemical Oxygen Demand)去除率稳定在60％以上;与厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(EGSB,Expanded Granular SludgeBed)试验的对比表明,ABR是一种适合处理低浓度废水的高效厌氧反应器．     

The Unified Dynamic Theory and Its Engineering Research

The unified dynamic theory reveals the substrate-hased nonlinear growth phenomena.It means that the environment of high organism concentration and low substrate state is useful for the growth of weak floras.With ecological superior nitrification denitrification ( ECOSUNIDE ) technology,high sludge concentration by distributing influent to anaerobic and anoxic zones is carried out,and the ecological superiorities of nitrifiers,denitrifiers,and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) get to be promoted.One of the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) treatment lines of a sewage treatment plant with ECOSUNIDE technology for further investigation on the nutrient removal efficiency is reformed.The advantages of ECOSUNIDE,such as high efficiency and saving energy,are well demonstrated,even under the condition of low temperature (about 15℃) and carbon-resource (C/N ratio lower than 2.5 ).In ECOSUNIDE system,the effluent indexes as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),chemical oxygen demand (COD),and NH3-N reach the Class I-A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant ( GB18918-2002 ),and suspended substance ( SS ),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus(TP) meet the Class I -B criteria.While the effluent qualities of A/A/O system only reach the secondary discharge standard.Through the comparison on the sludge character of ECOSUNIDE system with A/A/O,more abundant biofacies,darker and more intense zoogioea,more obvious filamentous bacterium,and clearer floes edges in ECOSUNIDE system are found.     

阳离子絮凝剂PDA的合成与应用研究——对城市污水的污泥脱水的效果比较

该文以城市生活污水的污泥脱水效果为判据,用烧杯絮凝法考察了自制PDA样品和市售的几种用于污泥脱水的具有不同阳离子结构的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝剂的污泥脱水性能,研究结果表明,各种阳离子絮凝剂量的最佳使用范围一般在50-80mg/L,上清液COD去除率达到78%以上,透过率达到90%以上,与市售几种不同阳离子结构的高分子絮凝剂相比,自制PDA样品的综合应用性能较好,具有良好的实用价值。     

提高污泥厌氧消化效率的溶胞预处理技术

剩余污泥的厌氧消化既可以解决污泥对环境的污染问题,又可以实现污泥的资源化,是污泥处置的理想途径。为了提高厌氧消化过程的效率,各种溶胞技术被用于厌氧消化的预处理。详尽地介绍了各种化学、物理、生物溶胞技术的效果及研究现状。机械、臭氧、超声波、热处理等方法在国外已经得到了较好的应用,辐射法是新兴的预处理技术,其污泥的预处理机理、效果及经济可行性有待进一步探讨。投加能分泌胞外酶细菌的溶胞技术在经济合理、操作简单、对设备无腐蚀、环保节能等方面显示了较大的优势,为提高厌氧消化效率开辟了新的途径。     

聚合钛铁净水剂混凝效果及污泥沉降性能

以钛铁矿为原料制备聚合钛铁净水剂（I-PTF）,并利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析其微观特性。通过烧杯实验和污泥沉降实验研究I-PTF净水效果和污泥沉降性能,并利用荧光显微镜观察其污泥形貌。结果表明：I-PTF对COD_Cr的去除效果优于聚合氯化铝（PAC）,在投药量为168 mg/L时,I-PTF对于CODCr的去除率比PAC高22%;与PAC相比,I-PTF的污泥体积减量率达到80%以上,其沉降速度也快,11 min左右即可沉降完成;I-PTF形成的絮团更加紧密,边界更加清晰。     

Practice of High Concentration Sludge for Efficient Nutrient Removal from Municipal Sewage

ECOSUNIDE is a new activated sludge process based on the sludge concentration optimization theory.With it,we carried out a high sludge concentration by changing influent mode and distributing carbon source in a reasonable way,which can improve the ecological superiority of nitrification and denitrification for the growth of phosphorous accumulating organisms(PAOs)and nitrifiers and raised the nutrient removal efficiency of municipal sewage treatment plants.In 2007,we adopted this technique in Linyi Sewage Treatment Plant in Shandong Province,China.After the reconstruction,we achieved the high efficiency of nutrient removal with low investment under the dynamic load of the secondary sewage treatment plant.The effluent water qualities meet the classⅠ-A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002)and the rest effluent indexes meet the classⅠ-B criteria.Besides,we have above 20% operating cost cut by stopping the internal reflux without power charge increased and any new pool structures built.     

大蒜切片废水处理的组合工艺实验研究

研究填料厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)—活性污泥—水生植物的组合工艺处理大蒜切片加工废水的运行特点.结果表明:填料ABR单元的最佳HRT为20 h,有机负荷小于COD 7.8 kg/(m3.d)为宜,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率可达92.5%;活性污泥法单元的最佳HRT为12 h,进水有机负荷宜保持在COD 0.8~1.2 kg/(m3.d)之间,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率为81.0%;水生植物单元的最佳HRT为3.5 d,在此最佳HRT下,COD的去除率为42.6%.该组合工艺COD总去除率保持在99.37%~99.42%之间,出水的COD浓度为38~41 mg/L,出水水质能稳定达到国家一级A排放标准.     

从电镀污泥中回收镍、铜和铬的工艺研究

采用硫酸浸出--硫化沉铜--两段中和除铬--碳酸镍富集工艺,从电镀污泥中综合回收铜、铬和镍.考察了各工序过程中的影响因素,获得了最佳工艺条件:酸浸过程中反应时间为0.5 h,反应温度为50℃,硫酸加入量为理论量的0.8倍;沉铜过程中,沉铜剂加入量为理论量的1.2倍,反应时间和反应温度分别为1 h和85℃;采用两段除铬工序有效降低了沉淀过程中的镍损失.整个工艺中,铜、铬和镍的回收率分别达到98%、99%和94%以上.     

利用长江淤泥生产陶粒的试验研究

选取南通地区长江淤泥、内河淤泥和黏土作为试验材料,分别进行原材料化学成分分析、原材料矿物成分分析,并对3种材料烧制的陶粒进行物理力学性能指标测试.研究结果表明,长江及内河淤泥的化学组成、矿物组成均能满足酸碱氧化物率值（F/SA）控制及Reily相图对陶粒烧制的性能要求;通过合理的工艺过程,由长江淤泥可制得性能更好的淤泥陶粒.