油气管道涡流变形检测探头研制

针对传统的管道变形内检测探头环向检测面积较小的问题,在磁旋转编码检测技术的基础上,结合电涡流检测技术,研制了一种涡流变形内检测探头。文中首先介绍了电涡流管道变形检测的理论基础,设计了管道涡流变形检测探头的机械结构及电路系统,利用有限元方法得到探头与被测件距离d的增加引起传感器输出电压峰值信号呈现非线性减小的变化规律,同时研究了激励信号峰值和激励线圈内径变化对d值检测的影响。后进行实验验证,结果表明基于电涡流检测技术的管道变形检测具有可行性,实验测量精度达到1mm。该检测探头的研制对于提高管道变形内检测环向检测精度、降低检测成本具有一定的意义。     

圆形土楼夯土结构性能的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,以福建龙岩的振成楼、承启楼等经典圆形土楼为原型,建立圆形土楼夯土结构模型.对土楼夯土墙体在静力荷载作用下的结构承载性能进行分析,通过改变土楼各尺寸参数,分析不同土楼夯土结构模型的受力及变形特征,得出影响受力变形规律特征的主要因素.结果表明:不论是在墙厚、直径还是墙高模拟中,应力、位移都不是单调变化的,有合理的取值区间.     

镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织与性能的影响

研究了镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明：与未加镁的合金相比,加入0.015%Mg,合金挤压态的抗拉强度从366 MPa提高到467 MPa、布氏硬度从HB91提高到HB114,伸长率从43.6%降低到27%;在320 ℃×2 h固溶处理水淬室温自然时效状态下,合金的抗拉强度从389 MPa提高到488 MPa,布氏硬度从HB107提高到HB139,伸长率从41%降低到28.3%;镁元素影响过饱和β相转变和分解产物形态,能阻碍合金的共析分解和室温时效脱溶析出。     

Hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing Nb and V

The flow curves of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) were obtained by hot compression deformation at temperatures ranging from 1000℃ to 1200℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001 s-1 to 10 s-1. The mechanical behavior during hot deformation was discussed on the basis of flow curves and hot processing maps. The microstructures were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The relationship between deformation conditions and grain size after dynamic recrystallization was obtained. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain both increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy is approximately 631 kJ/mol, and a hot deformation equation is proposed. (Nb,V)N precipitates with either round, square, or irregular shapes are observed at the grain boundaries and in the matrix after deformation. According to the discussion, the hot working should be processed in the temperature range of 1050℃ to 1150℃ and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1 s-1.     

纤维增强聚合物加固带裂缝圆截面木梁的弯曲

对具有纵向贯穿裂缝圆截面木梁全贴纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 布的弯曲加固效果进行了研究. 在组合梁小挠度变形的假定下, 建立了全贴FRP 布加固带纵向贯穿裂缝圆截面木梁弯曲变形的控制方程, 研究了自由端集中载荷作用下FRP 布加固圆木梁的弯曲行为, 并得到了问题的解析解, 分析了FRP 布模量和厚度、梁长细比以及裂缝宽度等因素对FRP 布加固木梁弯曲变形的影响. 数值结果表明, FRP 布加固木梁自由端挠度随FRP 布厚度、弹性模量和剪切模量的增加而减少, 且当FRP 布厚度和弹性模量增加到一定值时, 继续增加其厚度和弹性模量对圆木梁的加固作用已不明显; FRP 布的剪切模量对短粗木梁挠度的影响较大, 且当剪切模量较大时, FRP 布加固可完全消除裂缝因素的影响.     

Influence of high deformation on the microstructure of low-carbon steel

Low-carbon steel sheets DC04 used in the automotive industry were subjected to cold rolling for thickness reduction from 20% to 89%. The desired thickness was achieved by successive reductions using a rolling mill. The influence of thickness reduction on the microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Microstructure evolution was characterized by the distortion of grains and the occurrence of the oriented grain structure for high cold work. A mechanism of grain restructuring for high cold work was described. The occurrence of voids was discussed in relation with cold work. The evolution of voids at the grain boundaries and inside the grains was also considered. To characterize the grain size, the Feret diameter was measured and the grain size distribution versus cold work was discussed. The chemical homogeneity of the sample was also analyzed.     

大变形扭转剪应变定义的误差分析

以变形前互相垂直线元角度改变量的正切为工程剪应变的度量,考虑圆杆塑性大变形扭转的Swift效应或轴向伸长效应,从变形分析角度指出,实心圆杆大变形扭转时从变形分析角度给出的定义能够准确描述剪应变,而由小变形推广得到的两种定义将产生误差.黄铜实心圆杆塑性大变形扭转的结果进一步表明,在小变形情况下,三种剪应变定义均适用,随着变形的增加,由小变形推广得到的两种剪应变定义将产生的误差也增加.     

压榨力作用下胶制沟纹辊结构变形分析

针对胶制沟纹压榨辊实际压榨情况,分析了在压榨压力作用下沟纹槽的几何变形情况,对进一步研究沟纹压榨脱水有一定的借鉴.     

低温环境对叠层橡胶支座变形特性影响的试验研究

为探索低温变化对叠层橡胶支座变形特性的影响,利用沈阳冬季寒冷环境温度对两种叠层橡胶支座在不同温度下进行刚度对比试验,证明了低温变化对橡胶支座垂直压缩刚度均有较大影响,对水平刚度影响随橡胶支座胶质及制作工艺不同而不同,同时也证明了橡胶支座水平刚度随压应力增大而增大,以及往复水平荷载作用下两种橡胶支座的水平刚度变化特性,设计使用叠层橡胶支座时,应给出不同环境温度下的垂直压缩刚度及水平刚度·     

高温后双轴压混凝土强度和变形性能研究

利用大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室的大型混凝土静、动三轴试验系统,对常温20℃及200～600℃高温后的混凝土进行了5种比例加载路径的双轴压试验,测得了混凝土的强度及应变,发现高温后双轴压混凝土的抗压强度及应变值比单轴压状态时高.根据试验结果,系统地探讨了高温后混凝土在不同比例加载下的双轴受压强度和变形等力学性能,在此基础上,建立了同时考虑温度与应力比的高温后混凝土双轴压的强度破坏准则.这些结论为烟囱、核反应堆安全壳、火灾后的建筑物等处于双轴压组合荷载作用下混凝土结构的设计、分析提供了理论依据.