Taxonomic revision of the seasonal killifish genus Nothobranchius from Zanzibar,East Africa (Cyprinodontoidei: Aplocheilidae)

Nothobranchius guentheri and Nothobranchius melanospilus, the two seasonal killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius occurring in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania, were involved in past taxonomical mistakes and are still misidentified in museum collections. A historical review is herein presented and both species are redescribed on the basis of type material and recent collections. Nothobranchius guentheri, a popular aquarium fish, is endemic to Zanzibar, and N. melanospilus, geographically widespread in East Africa, occurring both in Zanzibar and in continental river basins. These species are distinguished by a series of morphological features not previously reported in the literature, including pre-dorsal length and relative position of the anterior portion of the dorsal-fin skeletal support and vertebrae; number of gill-rakers of the first branchial arch, caudal-fin rays, scales of the longitudinal series, series of scales around caudal peduncle, and vertebrae; frontal squamation; and arrangement and number of neuromasts of the supraorbital series. The present taxonomic revision comprising N. guentheri and N. melanospilus, the oldest species names of the genus in the East African biodiversity hotspot, is important to improve the knowledge of the genus in a region where its taxonomy is still problematic     

我国用材林主要真菌病害致病机制及内生菌对病害的生防作用

我国人工林面积居世界首位,但木材人均消费量仅为发达国家的1/5,木材对外依存度接近50%。用材林对我国木材安全、生态安全、森林碳汇和绿色发展具有重要意义,但用材林树种单一、生物多样性水平较低,林分结构简单,生物灾害频发,其中真菌病害已成为我国用材林的主要生物灾害。笔者围绕我国用材林树种重要真菌病害的致病机制和绿色防控等科学问题,综述了我国主要用材林树种的重要真菌病害种类、危害特点、病原致病分子机制和内生菌防治病害等方面的研究进展,并对未来用材林重要真菌病害的流行监测、病原-寄主互作、病害的栽培管理与可持续绿色防控等综合防控策略等进行了展望。