桤柏混交林幼林生长的灰色拓扑预测

应用灰色系统ＧＭ（１，１）模型及其改进模型研究了四川省盐亭县龙江４年来连续营造的桤柏混交林和柏木纯林，建立了混交林和柏木纯林中幼木生长的灰色ＧＭ（１，１）模型、新息ＧＭ（１．１）模型和ＧＭ（１，１）新陈代谢模型，结果表明，ＧＭ（１，１）新陈代谢模型能较好地摸拟和预测桤木和柏木在幼林期的生长状况，井对其随后６年的胸径、树高作了预测．由预测结果可以推断，桤柏混交林促进目的树种柏木生长的效益是非常明显的．     

陕北黄土高原白桦林初步研究

白桦林是黄土区顶极森林群落破坏后的次生林代表之一，共含五个群丛，它们是：白桦—柔毛绣线菊—大披针苔；白桦—胡枝子—大披针苔；白桦—榛子—大披针苔；白桦—沙棘—大披针苔；白桦—胡颓子—大披针苔。它们将全被辽东栎林演替，辽东栎更新的临界光照强度是相对光照强度的３％左右。     

广西森林溪流淡水鱼类区系研究

通过调查发现，分布于广西森林溪流中淡水鱼类有92种，分别隶属于5目、16科、63属。鲤形目占64．1％，鲇形目占11．96％，鲈形目占20．65％，合鳃目占1．01％，Jiang形目占2．72％。其中鲤科鱼类占总种数的46．7％。可划分为热带平原、江河平原、中印山区、上第三纪、北方平原5个区系复合体。在不同的海拔高度鱼类分布不同，具有明显的山区特征，广西森林溪流淡水鱼类区系形成与广西自然环境的历史演变有密切关系。     

浙江百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物的研究

作者采用无样抽样点四分法对浙江省百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物作了调查。依据野外样方资料,作者对林内66种苔藓植物的频度和盖度作了统计。百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物的区系成分丰富,以热带-亚热带成分为主。苔藓植物群落类型复杂多样,尤以腐木群落和树干群落最为丰富,并有一定数量的叶附生群落,反映了我国东部常绿阔叶林的自然特色。     

绵阳官司河流域防护林物种多样性特征

用对数正态分布模型分析绵阳司官司河流域防护林乔木层的种多度关系，用多种公式计算防护林各层次的物种多样性，并与我国暖温带落叶阔叶林的物种多样性相比较，得出以下结论：（１）该流域防护林乔木层的种多度关系符合对数正态分布模型，说明个体数量最多的乔木仅限于当数几种树木，（２）主要群落内乔木层，灌木层和草本层的丰富度，均匀度和总多样性指数都比较低，甚至低于我国暖温带落叶阔叶林相对应的指数，这说明防护林尚属于     

河南省石人山自然保护区针阔叶混交林群落生态特征(Ⅱ)(续完)

采用法瑞学派植被生态学的研究方法,在确定群落最小面积的基础上设置典型样地研究了石人山自然保护区油松 锐齿栎混交林、油松 短柄枹混交林等针阔叶混交林的生境特征和群落的基本生态学特征,为自然保护区管理和植物群落生物多样性的保护提供了科学理论依据.     

Pollen records of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the Longzhong Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Pollen records with an average time resolution of 20—200 years from Holocene loess sections at Dingxi, Qin'An, and other localities of Gansu Province reveal a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes in the western Loess Plateau. For most time of the Holocene, the landscape was dominated by grasslands or forest steppes. However, during the middle Holocene (7.5—5.8 ka BP), relatively dense forests developed, and the endemic vegetation flourished, suggesting a much warmer and more humid climate condition than the present. Superimposed upon this general pattern are several dry intervals marked by the episodic expansion of grasslands or forest steppe. Xeric vegetation expanded after 3.8 ka BP, indicating a trend towards dry conditions.     

Arthropods associated with nests of Cacicus sp. and Psarocolius sp. (Passerida: Icteridae) in varzea forest near the meeting of the rivers Negro and Solimões (Central Amazonia,Brazil) at high water

We analysed the arthropod fauna from nine nests of Cacicus sp. and nine nests of Psarocolius sp. (Passerida: Icteridae), in the varzea forest of Central Amazonia, Brazil, during high water, establishing these nests as one of the probable refuges for several arthropods performing vertical migration during periods of flooding and high water, besides discussing the role of these arthropods in the nests. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction of arthropods from nests using an apparatus based on the Berlese–Tullgren funnel. We obtained 15,128 arthropods from three subphyla, five classes and 16 orders. The nests were shown as complex ecosystems sheltering groups from different functional and trophic categories and revealed striking differences from those of terra firma, remarkably in Blattaria, Arachnida and Pseudoscorpiones. The increasing volume of the funnel and time of heat exposure was shown to be appropriate for extraction of the arthropods from the bulky nests of these birds.     

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Summary

Five early ontogenic stages of Scomberomorus lineolatus (C. &; V.) ranging in standard length from 18·4 mm to 99·5 mm are described.

Direct comparison of these early stages with those of S. commerson (Lac.) showed differences in the number of gill rakers, the length of preopercular spines and the position of the anal fin in relation to the second dorsal fin. In the case of S. guttatus (Bl. &; Schn.) the gill rakers are of the same number as in S. lineolatus but the preopercular spines decrease in size from above with the upper two subequal in size and none projects beyond the operculum.

In the earlier stages, S. lineolatus could be easily distinguished from S. guttatus by the absence of the bluish green coloration characteristic of S. guttatus. In later stages when the coloration has developed in both the species the only marked difference between the two is in the nature of the bent portion of the lateral line which is wavy in S. lineolatus and straight in S. guttatus.

The number of vertebrae is 46 in S. lineolatus; 42–45 with 43·9 as mean in S. commerson and 47–52 with 49·7 as mean in S. guttatus.     

浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同传播方式物种种子雨的基本特征

为了研究不同传播方式物种种子雨的基本特征,以浙江天童常绿阔叶林20 hm2动态监测样地的种子雨为研究对象,分析了种子雨的密度、物种组成以及种子限制的强度.结果表明:(1)种子雨收集器共收集到种子136 38粒,隶属于28科66种,种子雨密度为146粒/m2;(2)样地内有56%的物种未收集到种子,因此种子雨与可繁殖个体物种组成的相似性较低且受不同传播方式影响,风力传播的相似性系数极值(Rmax)最大且距种子收集器距离(d)最远(风力传播:Rmax=0.226,d=20 m;重力传播:Rmax=0.077,d=9 m;鸟类传播:Rmax=0.094,d=13 m),证明通过风力传播的种子在远距离传播上更有优势;(3)样地内存在一定程度的种子限制,有43个物种的种子只在很少的(10)收集器中出现.对于较为优势的物种而言(IV≥1),传播方式可能是影响种子限制的主要因素.另外,群落中通过风力传播的物种种子限制很可能仅仅是由于可繁殖个体的缺少造成的,而通过重力和鸟类传播的物种存在很高的种子限制可能是因为种子的低产量以及种子扩散能力的不足.