深海采矿履带式集矿机行走可行性仿真研究

履带式行走平台作为深海采矿集矿机子系统的工作平台行走在海底沉积物上进行深海采矿作业。分析了履带式行走平台简单数学模型,基于大型机械系统动力学分析软件履带车辆专用模块(ADAMS/ATV),构建了深海履带式集矿机多刚体系统模型。通过分析软件仿真了履带式集矿机虚拟样机在四种典型海泥路面上行走的过程,分析了仿真实验结果,履带式集矿机的深海行驶性能被证明比较满意。这种软泥上行走履带式车辆的建模和仿真研究方法被证明是一种有效的新方法。     

深潜器耐压壳极限强度的模量算法

通过引入承压球壳变形的对称性假设,将承受均匀外压球壳的理论表达简化为筒形板及弹性基础梁的数学模型.引入参数,将切线模量理论等多种模量理论统一表达,在材料应力应变曲线的基础上,得到模量因子曲线和相应的解析表达式.以切线模量理论和双模量理论为例,将2种模量理论应用于钛合金球壳的承载力计算,并将计算值与实验结果进行比较,得出模量理论在耐压壳极限强度计算问题上的有效性和适用范围,为深潜器的初步设计提供参考.     

Chondracanthid copepods (Poecilostomatoida) parasitic on Japanese deep-sea fishes,with a key to the genera of the Chondracanthidae

Four species of chondracanthid copepods are reported from grenadier fishes (Macrouridae) taken in the deep waters off Japan. They are Chondracanthus neali Leigh-Sharpe, 1930 from the oral cavity floor of Malacocephalus nippoensis Gilbert et Hubbs; Chondracanthodes deflexus Wilson, 1932 from the gill cover of Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector); Jusheyhoea ryukyuensis sp. nov. from the oral cavity wall of Coelorhynchus anatirostris Jordan et Gilbert, C. gilberti Jordan et Hubbs and C. productus Gilbert et Hubbs; and Chelonichondria okamurai gen. et sp. nov. from the gill cover of Coryphaenoides nasutus Günther. A key to the 42 genera of the Chondracanthidae is provided.     

基于结构化网格的两级矿浆泵数值模拟分析

为了研究深海采矿两级矿浆泵泵内固液流体流动规律及工作性能,采用计算流体动力学软件CFD对两级矿浆泵泵内的固液两相湍流进行了数值模拟和性能预测.阐述了矿浆泵计算流道区域的拓扑块划分方法和结构化网格生成方法;采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和多参考坐标系,进行全三维流场数值模拟,分析了矿浆泵内流场的压力分布、流速分布和湍动能分布,进而计算出不同颗粒属性的泵的特性曲线.研究表明,颗粒属性对矿浆泵工作性能有重要影响,在颗粒体积分数相同的条件下,泵的扬程和效率均随颗粒粒径的减小而增大.颗粒的体积分数适宜控制在5%~10%左右.     

深海海水液压系统的研究现状与前景

分析了在深海工具中以海水为压力介质的液压系统与传统的油压系统相比所具有的突出优越性,并介绍了深海液压系统在国内外的研究发展现状及其当前急需解决的几个关键技术难题和未来发展前景。     

Gill arches of some teleostean fishes of the families Girellidae,Pomacentridae, Embiotocidae Labridae and Scaridae

Summary

Streams and meander lakes in the Mato Grosso, between the Rio das Mortes and the Rio Suiá Missú, have low conductivities ranging from 12 to 50 μmho/cm/20°c, but exceptional isolated pools reach 800 μmho under the influence of evaporation.

Rainfall at the beginning of the wet season had conductivities up to 110 μmho, but the general level of conductivity fell as the wet season progressed.

Run-off water flowing over the ground during heavy rain generally had a higher conductivity than the rain.

Short-term fluctuations in the conductivity of small streams showed increases with heavy rain accompanied by surface run-off.

The rainfall had a high calcium to sodium ratio. It is estimated that during the period from 1 September to 30 November 1968 the rainfall supplied the area with at least 4 kg Ca per hectare.     

Three new species of the deep-sea genus Neotanais Beddard (Crustacea: Peracarida)

Three new species of the deep-water family Neotanaididae Lang are described. Neotanais minimus n. sp. and N. curvimanus n. sp. were collected from the Gulf of Mexico and are the first species to be described from this region. Neotanais minimus cannot be grouped with other Neotanais species, since it displays characters from all groupings. Neotanais curvimanus has strong affinities to the ‘americanus’ group but can be separated by the short pereonite 6 and by the presence of many setulose setae lateral on the pleonites. Male N. curvimanus can easily be separated from all other species of the genus by the cheliped fixed finger being only half as long as the dactylus and the dactylus being incurved from fixed finger at an angle of about 40°. Neotanais noelietaiti n. sp. was found off south-east Australia and is the first Neotanais species to be described from Australian waters. It also has strong affinities to the ‘americanus’ group but can be distinguished by the complete lack of a midventral keel and by the uropodal exopod being as long as the endopod article 1.     

Tracing the life history of a marginal sea—On “The South China Sea Deep” Research Program

The Major Research Program "Deep Sea Processes and Evolution of the South China Sea", or "The South China Sea Deep", launched in January 2011 by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, is the first large-scale basic-research program in ocean science in the country aiming to reconstruct the life history of a marginal sea. The overall scientific objective of the program is to dissect this typical marginal sea by studying its history of evolution and its modern processes, including the following three major components:(1) Development of the deep basin:utilizing new techniques to re-measure magnetic anomaly lineations, to explore the deep tectonic features, to drill the oceanic crust, and to study volcanic seamount chains; (2) deep-water sediments: observing the modern processes to reveal the patterns of deep-water circulations and sedimentation, analyzing deep-sea sediments to recognize paleoceanographic response to basin evolution, and subsequently to bridge the modern and paleo-studies of the deep-sea processes; and (3) biogeochemical processes:using a variety of techniques including deploying submarine observation and deep-water diving device to investigate the distribution patterns and environmental impacts of deepwater seepages and sub-bottom circulation, and to reveal the role of microbes in deep-sea carbon cycling. As compared with the open ocean and other marginal seas, the South China Sea enjoys many more advantages as a marine basin for reconstructing the life history. Meanwhile, the South China Sea Deep Program provides unique opportunities in studying the evolution and variations of the sea-land interactions between the Pacific and Asia.     

Vega虚拟环境避碰技术在潜水器仿真中的应用

基于软件平台Multigen Creator和Vega开发出的深海潜水器近海底作业视景仿真系统，能实现虚拟环境下的避碰要求；利用Vega中所提供的碰撞方式对象、在潜水器模型上安装碰撞矢量，使其能够在虚拟的复杂海底地形环境中成功地规避其作业路径上的障碍和预知其作业路径上的起伏。仿真结果表明，虚拟环境避碰技术能显著提高潜水器水下作业仿真过程的效果和逼真性。     

深海采矿长管线系统布放过程的数值仿真

运用非线性有限元方法,将深海多金属结核开采系统的扬矿硬管、扬矿泵、中间仓和扬矿软管等部分等效为不同属性的管单元,建立了1000 m水深海洋试验系统扬矿子系统的有限元分析模型;采用Morison公式计算了水下管线的液动力载荷.基于该模型,进行了长管线系统布放过程的动力学数值模拟,得出了在不同布放操作模式下扬矿子系统的各种动态响应,尤其是软管初始构形的动态形成过程;仿真显示了在某些布放操作模式下,软管缠绕现象发生的全过程.研究结果表明:集矿机着底后,在下放硬管的同时,应通过集矿机的运动使软管尽早地形成马鞍形,以有效地消除缠绕现象.