Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

Carbazole-type compounds in crude oils

Carbazole-type compounds were analyzed using GC and GC-MS-MS. A relatively high concentration of carbazole-type compounds was detected in crude oils of different types (marine and non-marine) and different maturities (low mature and mature) in Tarinl. Liaohe and Keilu basins. The results suggest the ratios of 1, 8-dimethyl-/2, 7-dimethylcarbazole and benu, [a] carbazole/benzo [e] carbazole might be taken as petroleum migration parameters.     

Origin of immature sulfur-rich oil in Jianghan oil field

Chemical structure of immature sulfur-rich kerogen and composition of immature sulfur-rich crude oil in Jianghun oil field have been studied. In molecular level, crude oil differs from thermolysed and chemolysed products of kerogen but does resemble the bitumen in immature sulfur-rich source rock. Therefore, immature sulfur-rich oil may be derived from the expelling of bitumen rather than from thermal cracking of kerogen.     

Comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of “chimney effect” using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy

Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.     

商标图象库检索的多层次结构方法

基于商标图象库应用背景和具体特征,提出一种商标图象检索的多层次方法．图象预处理阶段采用人机交互方式下３种半自动方法提取商标图象各区域对象．检索首先采用字符串匹配方法和传统数据库查询技术,动态减少图象搜索范围;在图象区域规格化下,相继用最小约束矩和基于Ｈａｕｓｄｏｒｆ距离的相似性函数度量商标相似性程度,具有平移、旋转和尺度变换下的不变性和一定的抗噪声能力．实验结果表明,该方法有效和实用．     

影响油气运移的应力场地温场渗流场耦合的双重介质模型

地应力场、地温场和渗流场是影响油气运移的主要因素。以此为基础,研究了含油气盆地双重介质体系内流体与岩体相互的力学作用关系,提出了双重介质体系内渗流场、岩体地应力场和地温场耦合的非线性动力学模型。     

不同贮藏条件下鳗骨油氧化特性的研究

研究了室温下（15℃）鳗骨油在空气中的自氧化速度,以及温度和贮藏条件对鳗骨油氧化速度的影响。实验所设的温度梯度分别为6℃、15℃、35℃,贮藏条件分别是敞口,密封（蜡封）和用N2驱除氧气后密封保存。实验结果显示,室温下鳗骨油在空气中的自氧化速度,敞口存放4天,过氧化值就已超过0.15;温度和贮藏条件对鳗骨油的氧化速度有显著影响,驱除氧气低温贮藏可以有效地防止鳗骨油的氧化。     

花生油磷酸酯加脂剂的研制及应用

本文报道了以花生油为原料,经酯交换,磷酸化制备新型皮革加脂剂,并研究了其单一及复配后的加脂性能。     

水分在季节性冻土中的运动

季节性冻土是一种冰水共存的特殊土水体系,在分析冻土中水分运动的驱动力及其影响因素,冻土介质的物理特性（热特性和水力特性）及其参数测定方法的基础上,综述了水分在冻土中运动的基本规律及定量研究水分运动的试验与数值模拟方法。     

油田采油泵站自动监测系统

针对目前油田的实际情况,利用MCS-51系列单片机构成了油田采油泵站自动监测系统,该系统由监测总站监测分站组成。总站与分站之间的信息传递采用无线通讯方式。由于构成该系统的核心部件MCS-51系列单片机性能优越,且具有多机通讯功能,故该系统具有高可靠性和高性能价格比。