受体缺乏改变小鼠脑内组胺含量及昼夜节律

在乙谜麻醉下,分别于明时(8:00 a.m.)及暗时(8:00 p.m.)断头处死野生型及组胺H1R基因敲除型小鼠,迅速取出脑组织并分离出皮层、纹状体、海马、下丘脑、丘脑、中脑及脑干等脑区.这些脑组织被制成匀浆并用HPLC荧光检测法测量其组胺含量.结果显示暗时处死时,H1R基因敲除型小鼠海马、丘脑、中脑及脑干中的组胺含量明显低于野生型小鼠.明时处死时,野生型小鼠各脑区组胺含量均较暗时处死显著降低,但这一变化在H1R基因敲除型小鼠中并未观察到.这些表明作为组胺的功能靶,H1R不仅介导组胺的功能,而且调节大脑中组胺含量与释放的昼夜节律.     

Anti-nociceptive role of neuropeptide Y in the nucleus accumbens in rats with inflammation, an effect modulated by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors

Recent study in our laboratory showed that neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays an antinociceptive role in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in intact rats. The present study was performed to further investigate the effect of NPY in nociceptive modulation in the NAc of rats with inflammation, and the possible interaction between NPY and the opioid systems. Experimental inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the left hindpaw of rats. Intra-NAc administration of NPY induced a dose-dependent increase of hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) to thermal and mechanical stimulations in rats with inflammation. The anti-nociceptive effect of NPY was significantly blocked by subsequent intra-NAc injection of the Y1 receptor antagonist NPY28-36, suggesting an involvement of Y1 receptor in the NPY-induced anti-nociception. Furthermore, intra-NAc administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone significantly antagonized the increased HWLs induced by preceding intra-NAc injection of NPY, suggesting an involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the NPY-induced anti-nociception in the NAc during inflammation. Moreover, the NPY-induced anti-nociception was attenuated by following intra-NAc injection of the μ-opioid antagonist β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), and κ-opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), but not by δ-opioid antagonist naltrindole, indicating that μ- and κ-opioid receptors, not δ-opioid receptor, are involved in the NPY-induced anti-nociception in the NAc in rats with inflammation.     

体育教学中预防运动猝死的几点建议

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法对运动猝死的概念进行界定,根据运动性猝死发生的情况对其发生的原因以及其发生的可能机制进行分析,联系体育与健康课教学的特点,提出在教学过程中预防运动性猝死的一些建议。     

论中国废除死刑的主要障碍及对策

中国废除死刑的障碍并不是经济发展水平低或者国民素质不高,而是民众关于死刑的报应观念及政界关于死刑的威慑观念。改变关于死刑的报应及威慑观念是废除死刑的必由之路,而观念的改变与经济发展水平的高下或国民素质的高低关系不大,主要是一个启蒙、宣传、教育问题,政府应承担起这一重任,学界在改变观念方面也应该有所作为,成立推进死刑废除的民间组织并从事相关活动或可大有作为。     

中西方死亡委婉语文化对比

委婉语是文化现象也是语言现象。死亡委婉语是每一个社会都要面临的问题。通过死亡委婉语的分析可以反映不同社会的文化。中西方社会在宗教、价值观和社会习俗方面有很多的不同,所以中西方的死亡委婉语就反映着这些方面的差异。分析这些差异产生的文化原因,以促进跨文化交流。     

具有突变率的广义生-灭过程的唯一性

给出具有突变率的广义生－灭过程的唯一性的充分必要条件。     

具有突变率的广义生-灭过程的遍历性

给出具有突变率的广义生-灭过程的遍历与指数遍历的充分必要条件，以及强遍历的充分条件。     

Calmodulin modulation of ion channels and receptors

Ion channels and receptors are the structural basis for neural signaling and transmission. Recently, the function of ion channels and receptors has been demonstrated to be modulated by many intracellular and extracellular chemicals and signaling molecules. Increasing evidence indicates that the complexity and plasticity of the function of central nervous system is determined by the modulation of ion channels and receptors. Among various mechanisms, Ca 2+ signaling pathways play important roles in neuronal activity and some pathological changes. Ca 2+ influx through ion channels and receptors can modulate its further influx in a feedback way or modulate other ion channels and receptors. The common feature of the modulation is that Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM) is the universal mediator. CaM maintains the coordination among ion channels/receptors and intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis by feedback modulation of ion channels/receptors activity. This review focuses on the modulating processes of ion channels and receptors mediated by CaM, and further elucidates the mechanisms of Ca 2+ signaling.     

Effect of monensin and diabetes on asialoglycoprotein degradation in rat hepatocytes

We have studied the effects of two modulations — streptozotocin-induced diabetes in vivo, and the presence of the carboxylic proton ionophore monensin in vitro — on the degradation of³H-asialoorosomucoid ligand in isolated rat hepatocytes.The ligand was internalized by means of a synchronous wave procedure. Diabetes was associated with a marked decrease in the amount of total degraded radioactive ligand compared to that in normal cells (3.6% and 37.3% of internalized ligand respectively, at 60 min), together with increased secretion of degradation products into the incubation medium (87% and 46.3% of the total degraded ligand was secreted by diabetic and normal cells, respectively). Monensin induced similar effects in normal cells, but had no apparent effect in diabetic cells.     

TNF和OA诱发人神经母细胞瘤SK细胞程序死亡

肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）和Ｏｋａｄａｉｃａｃｉｄ（ＯＡ）能诱发人神经母细胞瘤ＳＫ细胞死亡，死亡细胞缩小变圆，细胞质凝聚，ＤＮＡ断裂形成以２００ｂＰ左右为单位的梯形分布，且上述过程可由蛋白质合成抑制剂亚胺环己酮（ＣＨＸ）抑制，显示ＴＮＦ和ＯＡ诱发的ＳＫ细胞死亡为细胞程序死亡．