高原鼠兔解剖学特征之初探

对成年高原鼠兔进行了解剖学原理,发现其骨骼数（尤其肋、籽骨数）较兔多。盲肠十分发达（螺旋瓣数多达４５－５３个）。心、增多 数脏器的绝对重量为雌性略低于雄性,但无统计学意义。而雌性的脏器系数则显著高于雄性,胸腺的绝对重量为雌性高于雄性,且随体重量增加而减小。从解剖学看,高原鼠兔的身体各部形态结构与其习性,活动及健康状况密切相关。     

高原鼠兔生境选择的初步研究

在石渠县西区的高山草甸和高山灌丛草甸分布区采用卫星照片(1∶100000)结合样线法,在草地(雅砻江及其支流两边)每隔150m设置一个样方,其他环境则每隔100m设置一个样方,样方面积为5×5m2,记录样方所在地的海拔高度、坡度、坡向、生境位置、样方内植被的盖度、阔叶植物盖度、阔叶植物高度、灌丛盖度、土壤质地、离水源的距离以及鼠兔洞数量.共设置样方312个,样方内的高原鼠兔洞数量最多为80个,最少为0,平均为13.7±15个.统计结果显示:影响高原鼠兔生境选择的主要因子依次是生境位置、土壤质地、离水源的距离、灌丛植物盖度和阔叶植物高度.分析表明,高原鼠兔选择的最优生境为下坡位、土质松软、离水源的距离小于50m、阔叶植物高度小于等于5cm,没有灌丛的环境.     

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)脑神经的形态观察

本文对高原鼠鼠兔脑神经的起源、行程、支配部位作了详细观察,并同亲缘关糸较近的家兔和大鼠者进行了比较,简要讨论了脑神经的形态和习性及分类系烧的关系.观察结果如下:1.高原鼠免的脑神经与家兔和大鼠者相比,同家兔更相似.2.从高原鼠兔的习性和脑神经的分布特点,说明神经分布与器官大小及机能作用成正比.3.交感神经有分支到第Ⅳ脑神经和第Ⅴ脑神经的眼支及上颌支.     

高原鼠兔与多种小型雪雀的相关性初探

对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)与多种高山雪雀相关性研究,采用了以1公里为长、50米为宽的样线法,每天的观察数为三次,即早上、中午、傍晚,每次花半个小时,覆盖所有高山嵩草生态系统的生境。结果表明:在高原鼠兔栖息的生境中,多种高山雪雀数量多于未见鼠兔或相对密度低的生境结论。     

Seasonal variations in the time–activity budget of Royle’s pika in the Western Himalaya,India

ABSTRACT

The time–activity budget of a species has ecological relevance because natural selection often favours individuals that utilise their time most efficiently. Details of time–activity budgets can provide information on how animals allocate time to their various activities through the day and during different seasons to most efficiently cope with varying energy demands and environmental changes that may threaten their survival. Efficient use of time–activity budget is also crucial for alpine small mammals, which live in a highly seasonal environment with restricted periods in which to gain energy and successfully reproduce. Hence, variations in the time–activity budget of the high-elevation lagomorph Royle’s pika (Ochotona roylei) were analysed during different seasons over 2 years across an elevational gradient (2900–3680 m). Seven behavioural conditions were recorded in adult and juvenile pikas through daily focal sampling between 0600 and 1900 hrs. Royle’s pika had bimodal activity: animals were most active during the morning and early evening and relatively inactive during midday hours. Adult pikas allocated the largest proportion of their time–activity budget to foraging and the smallest proportion to vocalisation. Greater food availability during the monsoon season encouraged pikas to spend more of their time foraging than on other activities. In the autumn, pikas spent more time on locomotory and musing activities. Vigilance activities were most frequent during midday hours, possibly due to a high risk of predation. Locomotion and foraging were the predominant behaviours of juveniles during the summer and monsoon seasons. Prominent food hoarding activities were not observed in either adult or juvenile pikas. Information on time allocation to different activities during different seasons should provide a baseline for future behavioural ecology and bioenergetic analyses of pikas and help to understand their potential for adaptation to climate change.     

复方伊维菌素和球虫粉联合应用于高原鼠兔球虫的驱治效果观察

目的探求一种安全高效的驱治高原鼠兔球虫的方法。方法选用复方伊维菌素干悬浮剂和天字球虫粉2种抗寄生虫药,采取经口给药(灌服和加入饲料、饮水),观察驱治效果。结果实验室检测到高原鼠兔感染的球虫属艾美尔科,艾美尔属,初步鉴定出5个种,总感染率87.09%(108/124)。给药1 d后,阳性率下降为39.51%,30 d后为14.51%,第45 d为0。结论针对野生感染的球虫,采用复方伊维菌素干悬浮剂和天字球虫粉联合驱治效果良好,为人工饲养高原鼠兔的寄生虫病防治和寄生虫质量监测提供参考。     

低氧对不同海拔雄性高原鼠兔生殖机能若干指标的影响

为了探讨低氧对不同海拔雄性高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)生殖机能的影响,测定了不同海拔雄性高原鼠兔繁殖期睾丸指数,附睾指数,附睾尾精子数量,精子活率和睾丸组织LDH-C4和LDH比活力及其比值;同时还统计了不同海拔雌性高原鼠兔胎仔数。结果显示:不同海拔高原鼠兔睾丸指数、睾丸组织LDH-C4比活力和LDH比活力均无显著差异(P﹥0.05);而高海拔高原鼠兔附睾指数和附睾尾精子数量均极显著高于低海拔高原鼠兔(P﹤0.01);高海拔高原鼠兔精子活率和LDH-C4比活力/LDH比活力均显著高于低海拔高原鼠兔(P﹤0.05);而高海拔雌性高原鼠兔胎仔数却显著低于低海拔高原鼠兔(P﹤0.05)。以上结果表明,随着海拔的升高,低氧对高原鼠兔精子生成和精子活率不仅没有抑制,反而明显提高,但低氧对雌性高原鼠兔胎仔有显著影响,随着低氧程度提高,胎仔数下降。