关于PMA驱动的手指关节半径优化问题的研究

提出在气动人工肌肉驱动的关节系统中存在一个最优关节半径,使得对同一系统输出转矩达到最大. 通过分析气动人工肌肉静态特性模型,推导出关节静特性模型. 改变气动人工肌肉的结构参数或状态参数进行仿真,得到关节半径变化与关节输出转矩之间的关系,并计算出最优关节半径. 关节转角越大,最优关节半径越小;肌肉越长,最优关节半径越大,肌肉的直径对最优关节半径影响不明显. 该分析方法与结果对气动肌肉驱动的灵巧手的结构设计起到有效的指导作用.     

肌肉力量检测方法在体育应用中的再研究

肌力是指肌肉收缩力量,作为人体运动能力的重要组成部分,其大小、变化规律,对于提高运动员身体健康和创造优异成绩有着重要的作用,并与其他身体素质的协调发展有着密切的联系,如何对其进行准确、合理的检测一直是学者们关注的话题。本文收集、运用相关文献资料,经过整理处理、逻辑分析,对运动员肌肉力量的检测方法进一步研究探讨,从而判断肌肉功能状况,为制订治疗、训练计划和运动员选材等提供理论支持与科学依据。     

观测数据对暗能量状态参数的限制

状态方程是表征暗能量本质的一个重要物理量,而用观测数据拟合它是了解暗能量的重要手段之一。利用新公布的Ia型超新星数据,重子声学振荡（BAO）观测和Wilkinson微波背景各项异性探测卫星（WMAP）公布的5年数据限制CPL和JBP 2种参数化模型,并重构暗能量状态方程w(z)。结果表明,与过去的工作相比,新的观测结果对w(z)的限制有一点改进,但仍与宇宙学常数模型相一致。     

青藏高原东部暗针叶林采伐迹地小气候及植被演替

暗针叶林主要分布在青藏高原东部的多条大江大河的上游和源头地区,具有重要的生态屏障功能,对于维护区域生态安全、促进经济可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。但自20世纪40年代以来,原始林被大规模采伐,形成大面积采伐迹地灌丛和草丛,其生态屏障功能逐步减弱,引起一系列生态环境因子变化。本文综述目前暗针叶林采伐迹地小气候、植被演替的研究现状,指出森林采伐后引起迹地小气候发生剧烈变化,导致迹地植被物种组成、盖度、生物量、生理生态因子等随着人为对其的不同干预也发生着相应的变化。指出今后应加强：（1）暗针叶林采伐迹地植被演替规律的研究;（2）加强人工造林树种的筛选;（3）采伐迹地0～1．5m下垫面小气候立体综合定位监测。     

Regulation of angiotensinⅡon Gαq/11 protein of vascular smooth muscle cell and its underlying mechanism

To study the regulation of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) on Gαq/11 protein of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and its underlying mechanism, the protein synthesis was detected by [³H]-leucine incorporation. Gαq/11 expression was measured by Western blot in cultured VSMC of rat aorta. The results showed that the level of Gαq/11 was downregulated after stimulated by AngⅡ for 1—6 h, while it was upregulated significantly by 12—24 h stimulation (P < 0.01) in VSMC. The [³H]-leucine incorporation of VSMC was increased after 24 h Ang Ⅱ stimulation. The biphase regulation of Ang Ⅱ on Gαq/11 protein was blocked by the Ang Ⅱ type Ⅰ receptor (AT1) specific antagnist losartan or PLC inhibitor U73122, while PD98059 did not have this effect. These data indicated that Ang Ⅱ contributed to VSMC hypertrophy by regulating the level of Gαq/11, and this effect was mediated mainly through AT1 receptor-PLC signal transduction pathway.     

补充糖-蛋白质饮料对耐力性运动的影响

肌糖原是人体内重要的能源物质,肌糖原贮量的多少直接影响到长时间耐力性项目的运动能力。通过提高肌糖原的贮备可改善和提高耐力性项目的运动能力,过去通常采用高糖膳食的方法来提高糖原贮备,最新的研究发现,通过在糖饮料中添加蛋白质成分,能够更为有效的增加体内糖原贮备,从而提高耐力性项目的运动成绩。     

Microinjection of synthetic protein kinase inhibitor into single barnacle muscle fibers before and after cyclic AMP

Summary Single muscle fibers from the barnacleBalanus nubilus have been used as a preparation to see if a synthetic 20-residue PKI (5-24)-peptide is able to block or reverse the stimulatory response of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux to injected cAMP. The results obtained show that this peptide behaves as a powerful inhibitor of the cAMP-mediated response and is also able to partially reverse the sustained stimulation of the Na efflux observed in ouabain-poisoned fibers following the injection of subunit A of cholera toxin.Warmest thanks to Prof. E. H. Fischer and Kurt Diltz for a sample of sPK1. This work received support from NSF, the Graduate School Research Committee and from NIH through a General Research Support Grant to the University of Wisconsin Medical School.     

微光CCD相机的噪声分析与处理

分析了微光CCD图像传感器的噪声特性,针对不同的噪声源,根据相应的噪声产生原理,设计了实用的噪声抑制电路和处理电路,应用于选用ISD029AP型CCD图像传感器自己开发的微光CCD相机,有效地降低了暗电流噪声,消除了复位噪声对真正信号的影响,使相机具有良好的成像质量;为了进一步提高该相机的信噪比,提出了相应的校正算法,进一步降低了暗电流噪声,降低了CCD像素间光响应的不一致性带来的噪声,使相机的成像质量得到提高．     

Native skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor exists as a supramolecular triad complexRID="†"ID="†" Research Article

One of the central elements of excitation-contraction coupling, the voltage-sensing dihydropyridine receptor, is believed to exist as a high-molecular-mass complex in the triad junction. Although freeze-fracture electron microscopical analysis suggests a tetrad complex, no direct biochemical evidence exists demonstrating the actual size of the native membrane complex. Using a combination of various two-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques, we show here that the principal α ₁-subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor and its auxiliary α ₂-subunit form a triad complex of approximately 2800 kDa under native conditions. Established Ca²⁺-ATPase tetramers and calsequestrin monomers were employed for the internal standardization of the gel systems used. Thus, the large voltage-sensing complex appears to be tightly associated, since it does not disintegrate during subcellular fractionation and native electrophoresis procedures. Our findings support the cell biological hypothesis that native dihydropyridine receptor units form a tetrad structure within the transverse tubules. Received 10 October 2000; revised 28 November 2000; accepted 4 January 2001