基因转化创造植物杂种优势利用新方式的途径分析

普通核雄性不育性遗传方式能够满足对植物最佳雄性不育系选育的要求,如果能解决其不育系繁殖问题,将优于现有的其他杂种优势利用方式。借助基因工程技术,通过质体转化、位点特异性重组技术和特殊启动子的利用,操控可育基因和不育基因的表达,可能繁殖出100%不育株率的普通核雄性不育系,创造出普通核雄性不育性利用新途径。     

Gene expression profiling under different photoperiod/temperature conditions in a photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line of rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PSGMS) line was found in 1973 as a spontaneous mutant of the rice variety Nongken 58 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) in Hubei Province, China[1]. The fertility of this line was determined by day length and temperat…     

西方男性性别角色冲突研究进展

性别角色冲突影响着个体的身心健康和生活质量,对性别角色冲突的研究有利于帮助人们如何认识和改善生活质量。多年来西方心理学界重点对男性性别角色冲突作了大量的研究,包括性别角色冲突的概念、模型、量表以及相关研究。本文的目的在于对西方性别角色冲突研究情况进行介绍并作简短评价。     

中华稻蝗雄性附腺和储精囊的组织学研究

通过腺体标本制作技术、石蜡切片技术和光镜观察，研究了中华稻蝗成虫的雄性附腺和储精囊的结构和功能．结果表明，由中胚层发育而来的附腺由15对(8对乳白管，7对透明管)一端开口于射精管，另一端封闭的腺管组成其组织由里到外为上皮层、底膜、肌肉层和结缔组织膜，并按上皮细胞，分泌物将乳白腺管分为酸性腺管和颗粒腺管，透明腺管分为碱性腺管、粘液性腺管和混合性腺管．这些腺管于成虫前后期在大小、上皮细胞、分泌物发生一些变化．精子在储精囊中成团分布，储精囊具柱状上皮细胞和分泌细胞，底膜和肌肉层较发达，围脏膜中有气管，其盲端和中后段组织结构有差异．     

硝酸钐对雄性小鼠的急性毒性及精子质量的影响

通过灌胃口服方式,研究了硝酸钐对雄性小鼠的半数致死量(LD50),并探讨了不同染毒剂量下存活小鼠的脏器系数、精子质量的变化.结果表明:硝酸钐对雄性小鼠的LD50为3 393.56 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为3 175.50～3 626.60 mg/kg;小鼠染毒后体质量增加缓慢,肾脏脏器系数明显地低于对照组(P＜0.05);2 880.00mg/kg剂量组小鼠的脾脏脏器系数与对照组相比极显著增加(P＜0.01),且小鼠精子活力明显降低(P＜0.05).提示硝酸钐对雄性小鼠的毒性较低,但染毒后部分脏器有急性损伤,而且会降低小鼠的精子质量.     

Testes and chromosomes in interspecific hybrids betweenHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) andHelicoverpa assulta (Guenée)

The interspecific hybridization betweenHelicoverpa armigera females andHelicoverpa assulta males yieldedF ₁ hybrids (RS), fertile males and sterile individuals with abnormal genitals. The reverse hybridization betweenH. assulta females andH. armigera males yielded F₁ hybrids (SR)-fertile males and fertile females. The morphology of testes and the karyotype of chromosomes of larvae in the hybrids were investigated. Among the 2d old fifth-instar SR larvae, individuals without testes were fertile females and those with testes were fertile males. The length and breadth of testes between SR and parental species were not significantly different (p>0.05). Among the 2d old fifth-instar RS larvae, the testes were observed in all the individuals, but it could be classified into two types. The length and the breadth of testes in Type 1 larvae were not significantly different from those of their parental species (p>0.05), while those in Type 2 were significantly less than those of their parental species (p<0.01). Mitotic metaphase I of brain cells showed the diploid chromosomes number of both reciprocal hybrids was 2n=62, as many as their parents. The haploid number of 31 was confirmed by counts from spermatocytes at meiotic metaphase from SR male larvae and Type 1 larvae of RS. Meiosis was not observed in spermatocytes of Type 2 larvae of RS. Considering the characteristics of adult hybrids of RS, it was concluded that Type 1 individuals in RS were fertile and those of Type 2 were sterile. The sterility of Type 2 individuals in RS is attributed to the abnormity in development of testes and the failing meiosis of spermatocytes. As a result, the normal spermatozoon could not been produced.     

超早熟大葱雄性不育系603A、626A的选育

在凌源地方大葱品种采种田选出的优株中,发现了早熟雄性不育株,当年将花球分区,区位授粉配置5个杂交组合,收获的种子种成株系.次年从不育株率高的株系中选择优株与相应原群体的可育株成对杂交,同时父本自交.连续4代选择603、626不育系与相应父本授粉,不育株率、不育度均为100％,简称603A、626A,相应父本简称603B、626B.603A、626A授粉后结实正常.以603A、626A配置的杂交组合表现出较强的早熟及产量优势.     

烟草雄性不育种质创新研究进展

综述了烟草雄性不育种质创新研究的进展,重点介绍了生物技术在烟草雄性不育种质资源创新中所取得的成绩,并讨论了如何进一步加强烟草雄性不育种质创新研究的力度.     

胡子鲶(Claris fuscus Lacepede)雄性生殖系统解剖学及组织学的观察研究

对胡子鲶(Claris fuscus Laceped)雄性生殖系统，即：精巢(睾丸)、输精管和外生殖器的解剖学及组织学特征进行了初步观察和研究．结果表明，胡子鲶雄性生殖系统的结构(宏观结构和微观结构)特点，与鲤科(Cyprinidac)鱼类比较，有相同之处，但也有其独特性，为今后鲶亚目(Siluroidei)鱼类的研究和养殖，提供一些科学依据．