pH值对细胞色素C的反胶团萃取的影响

以ＡＯＴ／异辛烷反胶团萃取不同ｐＨ值的猪心提取液中的ｃｙｔＣ。结果表明：ｐＨ４～１０范围内有不同的萃取效果，其中ｐＨ８～９的萃取率达到６０％～７５％。萃取水相中细胞色素Ｃ的特征吸收峰值下降或消失，萃取有机相的吸收光谱与提取原液的吸收光谱相似，并具有相同的吸收峰。说明在ｐＨ４～１０之间均能用ＡＯＴ／异辛烷萃取分离细胞色素Ｃ。     

Interaction of BW755C,a potent inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase,with mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase

Summary The interaction between BW755C (3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline), a potent inhibitor of both lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase, and respiratory chain in mitochondria and electron transport particles (ETP) from rat livers was examined. BW755C accelerated the oxygen uptake by mitochondria without the addition of substrate for the respiratory chain. Spectrophotometric study revealed that BW755C was quickly oxidized by cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria to a compound possessing an absorption maximum at 524 nm. p-Phenylenediamine (p-diaminobenzene, PPDA), which, like BW755C, serves as an electron donor to cytoschrome oxidase, was shown to inhibit the generation of active oxygen in macrophages; the inhibition was stronger than that of BW755C. These results strongly suggest that the oxidative conversion of BW755C by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase is associated with its potentially inhibitory action on the active oxygen-generating system in phagocytes.The authors are indebted to Dr M. Hori, Gifu College of Pharmacy and to Dr Y. Orii, Kyoto University for their kind supplies of BW755C and pure cytochrome oxidase, respectively.     

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes （Teleostei： Cyprinidae） inferred from cytochrome b sequences

We recovered the phylogenetic relationships among 23 species and subspecies of the highly special-ized grade schizothoracine fishes distributing at 36 geographical sites in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions by analyzing sequences of cytochrome b genes. Furthermore, we estimated the possible divergent times among lineages based on a historical geological isolation event in the Tibetan Plateau. The molecular data revealed that the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes were not a monophyletic group, but were the same as genera Gymnocypris and Schizogypsis. Our results indi-cated that the molecular phylogenetic relationships apparently reflected their geographical and historical associations with drainages, namely species from the same and adjacent drainages clustered together and had close relationships. The divergence times of different lineages were well consistent with the rapid uplift phases of the Tibetan Plateau in the late Cenozoic, suggesting that the origin and evolution of schizothoracine fishes were strongly influenced by environment changes resulting from the upheaval of the Tibetan Plateau.     

环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传多样性的影响

分别以mtDNA的非编码基因D-loop和编码基因Cytb为分子标记,研究了大石鸡分布区内12个种群遗传多样性与环境因子之间的相关性.173个样本的D-loop部分序列(1127 bp)中共发现了34个多态位点,定义了44种单倍型;230个样本的Cytb部分序列(807 bp)中共发现了13个多态位点,定义了14种单倍型.基于D-loop和Cytb的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性与样本量之间均无显著相关性.所有的种群遗传多样性与环境因子相关性检验中,基于D-loop的核苷酸多样性与降水量的负相关、基于Cytb的单倍型多样性与纬度和相对湿度变异系数的负相关以及基于Cytb的核苷酸多样性与相对湿度变异系数的负相关达到了显著水平,说明纬度、降水和相对湿度变异系数是影响大石鸡遗传多样性的主导因子,低纬度、干旱以及气候稳定的环境下,大石鸡的遗传多样性更高.     

重组人细胞色素P450 2C9在毕赤酵母中的胞内表达

以含有CYP2C9基因完全编码框的克隆载体质粒DNA为模板,并在人细胞色素P4502C9的5’端插入kozak序列及3’端6×His标签进行PCR扩增,克隆至真核表达载体pPIC3.5K,利用电激法将经Sal I线性化的重组质粒pPIC3.5K-2C9转化至毕赤酵母GS115中,通过抗性、表型和PCR筛选多拷贝整合株,甲醇诱导毕赤酵母GS115/pPIC3.5K-2C9的表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析鉴定表达产物.结果表明:含有重组质粒的重组pPIC3.5K-2C9表达了大小为55KD的目的蛋白,与预期大小相符,说明人细胞色素CYP2C9可在毕赤酵母的胞内表达.     

Investisations into the perplexing interrelationship of the Genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes,Tetraodontidae）

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae） remain unresolved. Because of the use of Takifugu as model organisms, the resolution of these relationships is crucial for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in biology. Pufferfishes of this genus are comprised of a comparatively small number of species and are mainly distributed along the coastal region of the western part of the Sea of Japan and the coastline of China. Mitochondrial gene sequences were employed to test the phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Seventeen species of the genus were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum parsi- mony, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our hypothesis of internal relationships within the genus differs from previous hypotheses. Our results indicate that （1） the genus Takifugu is a monophyletic assemblage; （2） the genus is divided into 6 subgroups based on the moecular data; and （3） there is low genetic diversity among the species within this genus. In addition, speciation within Takifugu appears to be driven by hybridization and isolation by distribution. Our results also suggested that the taxonomy in the genus should be clarified based on both molecular and morphological data.