Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island,southern Japan

The ant Acropyga sauteri Forel has an obligate, mutualistic symbiosis with a mealybug, Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri, on Okinawa Island, southern Japan. The mealybugs live inside ant nests nearly all their lives, and the ants depend on them for food. Alate foundress queens carry mealybugs during their nuptial flights, using them to establish new colonies at new sites. However, important aspects of the symbiosis have not yet been elucidated. The present study characterizes the basic biology of the symbiosis and describes for the first time the morphologies of all growth stages of E. smithii. Our study suggests that E. smithii has only one nymphal stage, followed by a female pupal stage or male prepupal stage. Intensive sampling of ant nests across seasons showed that A. sauteri prefers nest sites 5–20 cm underground. Acropyga sauteri produced reproductive stages mainly in mid‐March or early April, and numbers of both ant workers and mealybugs increased from spring to summer. Experimental determination of colony identity with a method using nestmate recognition by ants suggested that each ant colony rarely has a perimeter greater than 30 cm, that the ants are monogynous, and that different ant colonies are densely aggregated along the root system of a plant, adjacent to each other but not interflowing. Both symbiotic partners were vulnerable to attacks by several common subaerial ant species following physical disturbance to their nests.     

库容有限且有批量折扣的不允许缺货存贮模型

Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ公式隐含着用户仓库容量足够大，单价与订购批量无关的假设，这一假设往往与实际情况相悖。为此，本文提出了仓库容量有限且有批量折扣条件下不允许缺货存贮模型，并通过实例说明了模型的应用。     

论水资源学的科学体系

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关于卡诺循环的定义

本文对卡诺循环定义的提法作出讨论。     

绝热膨胀-放气回热式制冷循环及其热力学分析

本文提出一种新的闭式气体膨胀循环——绝热膨胀-放气回热式制冷循环,或者称改进型G-M循环,采用该循环的制冷机具有Gifford-McMahon(G-M)循环制冷机的结构简单、无维修运转周期长、振动较小等优点,而该循环的效率比G-M循环高。与G-M制冷机相类似,采用该循环的制冷机也可以做成多级。本文叙述了循环的工作过程,进行了循环的热力学分析及新循环与G-M循环的性能比较,得出了一些有益的结果。这些结果可供制冷机的设计和实验研究参考。     

机构公共约束辨识及自由度计算“拆闭副法”

本文论证了闭环机构公共约束m_i与开环机构末杆约束m′_i的差异,提出关系式:m_i=m′_i f′_i。澄清长期以来在机构自由度计算中关于公共约束的疑难。指出И·И·Артоболевский统一结构公式中的m_i,若定义为开环末杆约束m′_i,则在自由度计算中,运动副的级有确定的统一定义。阿氏公式与F·Freudenstein公式等效。作者建议取А·П·Мальищев型修正公式:W=6n-sum from k=1kp_k sum from i=1 m_i作为统一结构公式;并提出确定末杆约束的拆闭副法;指出应用刚体运动分解原理考察各运动副对末杆产生的独立运动时,必须考虑末杆的约束条件。文中列举若干计算例题,并与常用计算方法进行对比分析。