大鼠海马锥体神经元外向电流特征分析

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了大鼠海马锥体神经元去极化激活的外向电流的特征.结果表明,短时去极化至-60mV以上电位可引发快速上升的外向电流,之后缓慢衰减至一平台.当保持电位改变时,该峰电流与平台电流的幅度均会发生变化,但前者较后者变化显著.试验中测得峰电流与平台电流的逆转电位分别为-(76.1±5.97)mV和-(83.6±4.13)mV,与用Nerst方程计算出的本试验细胞外液与电极内液的钾离子平衡电位Ek=-88mV接近,说明该外向电流是钾电流,且提示此外向电流包括两种成分.试验结果还表明,此外向电流的衰减过程可用双指数方程很好地拟合,而在500ms预脉冲刺激后再经去极化激活的快成分的失活过程则适合用单指数方程进行拟合,从而进一步证实大鼠海马锥体神经元的外向钾电流包括快慢两种成分(IA和IK).IA的稳态激活和失活过程均可用Boltzmann方程进行拟合,半数激活和半数失活电压分别为(7.40±3.01)mV和-(66.27±3.62)mV,但其稳态失活在测试电压范围内(-100mV至+30mV)不完全.     

硅盐电池快速充电的试验与研究

根据电池快速充电的原理，对硅盐电池进行充电试验，提出适用于该电池5段恒流快速充电和定压补充充电的充电方案，并在各种控制参量的基础上，给出了实现这种充电过程的控制方法。     

A three-dimensional diffusion equation of suspended sediment by waves and currents

Based on the law of mass conservation, a general three-dimensional diffusion equation of suspended sediment due to waves and currents, adaptable to estuarial and coastal areas, is derived by decomposing the instantaneous velocities and concentrations into three-different-time-scale components respectively. A three-dimensional suspended sediment diffusion equation adaptable to actual calculations is available as the result of the parameterizations of turbulent diffusion term and wave diffusion term. Different from the former diffusion equations, the influence of waves and currents on suspended sediment diffusion can be simultaneously reflected in the newly derived equation.     

双极性电解槽中损失电流的分析与计算

本文对双极性电解槽作了比较透彻的分析,提出了表达双极性电解槽的合理,可靠的等效电路,找到了更精确计算损失电流的数学方法,并有初步的实验数据验证。     

Ionic currents in morphogenesis

Summary Morphogenetic fields must be generated by mechanisms based on known physical forces which include gravitational forces, mechanical forces, electrical forces, or some combination of these. While it is unrealistic to expect a single force, such as a voltage gradient, to be the sole cause of a morphogenetic event, spatial and temporal information about the electrical fields and ion concentration gradients in and around a cell or embryo undergoing morphogenesis can take us one step further toward understanding the entire morphogenetic mechanism. This is especially true because one of the handful of identified morphogens is Ca²⁺, an ion that will not only generate a current as it moves, but which is known to directly influence the plasma membrane's permeability to other ions, leading to other transcellular currents. It would be expected that movements of this morphogen across the plasma membrane might generate ionic currents and gradients of both electrical potential and intracellular concentration. Such ionic currents have been found to be integral components of the morphogenetic mechanism in some cases and only secondary components in other cases. My goal in this review is to discuss examples of both of these levels of involvement that have resulted from investigations conducted during the past several years, and to point to areas that are ripe for future investigation. This will include the history and theory of ionic current measurements, and a discussion of examples in both plant and animal systems in which ionic currents and intracellular concentration gradients are integral components of morphogenesis as well as cases in which they play only a secondary role. By far the strongest cases for a direct role of ionic currents in morphogenesis is the polarizing fucoid egg where the current is carried in part by Ca²⁺ and generates an intracellular concentration gradient of this ion that orients the outgrowth, and the insect follicle in which an intracellular voltage gradient is responsible for the polarized transport from nurse cell to oocyte. However, in most of the systems studied, the experiments to determine if the observed ionic currents are directly involved in the morphogenetic mechanism are yet to be done. Our experience with the fucoid egg and the fungal hypha ofAchlya suggest that it is the change in the intracellular ion concentration resulting from the ionic current that is critical for morphogenesis.     

Rate-compensated synaptic events in antarctic fish: Consequences of homeoviscous cold-adaptation

Summary At ambient sub-zero temperatures, muscles from antarctic fish produce spontaneous postsynaptic currents (MEPCs) of significantly shorter duration than those of temperate fishes. Fast decay of antarctic MEPCs is a predictable consequence of the increased membrane fluidity attributable to fatty acid unsaturation in cold-adapted animals.We wish to thank the Antarctic Division of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, and the staff of Scott Base, without whom this work could not have been done. The work was supported financially by grants from the New Zealand University Grants Committee and from the Auckland University Research Committee. We are also grateful to members of the United States Antarctic Research Program, in particular Dr A. L. DeVries, for advice and assistance.     

介观环的持续电流与Berry相因子

本文研究处于铁磁自旋波的非均匀磁场中介观环的持续电流及几何位相，求出了准粒子的激发谱及电荷流，讨论了相关的Ｂｅｒｒｙ相因子。     

Mechanism-based targeting of NMDA receptor functions

NMDA receptors (NRs) are key signaling proteins in the central nervous system and represent important targets for drug development in several neurologic disorders. They are critically involved with fundamental brain processes, and thus indiscriminate pharmacological suppression of NR currents has seen only modest therapeutic success so far. Targeting harmful NR receptor activities while sparing the receptor’s vital functions requires a better understanding of the complexity of NR activation reaction; of the range of mechanisms that modulate discrete receptor activities; and of the consequences of this modulation on specific receptor functions. A quantitative account of the NR activation pathway was recently proposed and validated. It describes the gating reaction as a sequential, multi-step process rather than a binary, on-off switch. Alongside isoform-specific modulators, state-specific modulators may represent sophisticated interventions with high potential for narrow, functional specifi city. Here I review physiologic mechanisms that control NR responses; the salient features of the NR activation reaction; and discuss the model’s validity and its implications for drug development and characterization.Submitted 25 May 2005; accepted 29 June 2005