热敏材料聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的结构对其溶胀性能影响

本文主要研究热敏材料聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 (PNIPAAm) 的结构对其溶胀性能影响。分别采用水热法和微波辐射法合成PNIPAAm热敏水凝胶，应用扫描电镜观察了两种合成方法制得的水凝胶的表面结构，测定了水凝胶随温度变化的溶胀率曲线及其溶胀和退溶胀动力学，并讨论了水凝胶的结构对其溶胀率的影响。结果表明：与水浴法制备的水凝胶相比，微波辐射法所得到的水凝胶无论是在干燥状态下还是溶胀状态下都具有更为丰富发达且较大的孔隙结构，在溶胀过程中，微波辐射法合成的水凝胶在临界溶解温度(LCST)以下具更高的溶胀率，而在LCST以上时，能更多地释放水而具有更低的溶胀率。此外，微波辐射所合成的水凝胶由于具有较为发达的孔隙结构，使其比水浴法制备的水凝胶具有更快的溶胀速度和退溶胀速度。     

Kinetic analysis of self-condensing vinyl polymerization with unequal reactivities

The distribution function of the hyperbranched polymers formed from the self-condensing vinyl polymerization with unequal reactivities was derived and the differential equations for the second moments are established, based on the variable of the conversion of B^＊ groups. The various average degrees of branching can be designed by suitable values of reactivities ratio （r） and the conversion of A group （x）. In order to reach the maximum degree of branching at a specified x, r needed is dependant on the value of x. The higher the x, the less the r needed is for the maximum value of degree of branching. At the end of the reaction, the maximum degree of branching reaches 0.5 with r=2.59.     

高寒牧区牦牛子宫脱出的防治

手术整复和后海穴注射２％盐酸普鲁卡因是治疗子宫脱出的有效方法，加强怀孕牦牛的饲养管理，组织优良的改良群，正确的助产方法等预防措施可以减少该病的发生．     

非晶态材料分相机理的理论探讨

从经典的形核生长动力学和Ｃａｈｎ的调幅分解线性动力学理论出发,经数学推导得到如下结论：在分相的扩散阶段初期,按调幅分解机理进行的分相过程,其不均区域尺寸与时间的关系没有一定的规律。     

氖和亚铜等离子蒸气系统中的负离子和电子能量分配函数

计算了激光产生铜等离子体蒸气中的物理和动力学参数,通过数值分析近似地求解玻尔兹曼动力学方程,发现存在一些具有各向同性和固定值物理量。在气体放电系统中观察了HBr混合物对其物理参数和电子能量分配函数的影响,利用交叉区电子碰撞激发过程计算了反应速度系数,表明具有HBr混合物的3d^94s^22D能级的共振激发更好。     

化学气相淀积过程中钛酸丁酯热解反应机理及动力学

利用热解-色质联用分析系统,对文题进行了研究,发现其热解过程是一个复杂的多元反应过程。在500～800℃,钛酸丁酯(Ⅰ)热解尾气产物主要是烯烃、醇、醚和醛类化合物。经热解机理分析,发现Ⅰ的重排断裂反应是整个热解过程的主反应,其反应动力学常数为3.87×10~5,活化能为69.3 kJ/     

新疆引水式水电站冬季运行防治冰害的技术措施

分析讨论了新疆引水式水电站在冬季运行中冰、冰冻造成的危害及其产生的原因，提出了解决冰冻危害的技术措施。     

双酚A二乙酸酯与芳香族二元羧酸缩聚反应动力学的研究(Ⅰ)——研究动力学的快速方法

本文根据双酚A二乙酸酯和间苯二甲酸缩聚反应的原理,建立了用NaOH的标准溶液滴定缩聚反应所析出的醋酸来研究其动力学的快速方法。并用电位滴定法测定聚合物的数均聚合度,对上述方法进行了验证。结果表明:以碱滴定缩聚反应中所析出的醋酸来研究其动力学的方法是可靠的。该方法简便、迅速、准确。这对于讨论芳香族聚酯的缩聚过程及研究反应机理,都是很有意义的。     

Pulse radiolysis studies of functionally substituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids

The reactions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids having different substituent groups on the ring with hydrated electrons (eaq-),hydroxyl radicals (·OH),and sulfate anion radicals (SO4·-) were investigated using nanosecond pulse radiolysis techniques.The spectra of these ionic liquids on reaction with eaq-all exhibited a similar peak at about 320 nm,and a typical peak for eaq-in aqueous ionic liquid solutions.The reaction rate constants for 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquid hexafluorophosphates (BMIPF 6) with eaq-were deduced to be 10 10 L mol-1s-1,however the values were lower for trisubstituted ionic liquids.For example,the rate constant for 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMMIBF 4) was 5.5×10 9 L mol-1s-1.Imidazolium-based ionic liquids reacted with hydroxyl radicals via adducts to produce a mixture of isomeric OH adducts,and the pk a value of the OH adducts was deduced to be 8.4±0.4 for 1-butyl-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF 4).Moreover,imidazolium cations were also oxidized by SO4·-to produce bivalent cation radicals,which exhibit a peak at 320 nm,and these rate constants are of the same order of magnitude,i.e.,10 9 L mol-1s-1,except that for 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate with SO4·-(k=2.8×10 8 L mol-1 s-1).Theoretical calculations were carried out to estimate the structures of the products of reduction by eaq- and the results were related to the experimental data.     

甘蔗渣吸附剂的制备及其对Pb 2+、Cu2+、Cr3+的吸附动力学研究

 通过用三氯氧磷对甘蔗渣进行改性,制备了含有强吸附能力的磷酸基团的甘蔗渣吸附剂,研究了磷酸化反应条件对离子吸附性能的影响。产物的结构通过红外光谱进行了表征,同时也测试了所制备的甘蔗渣吸附剂的一些物理性质如表面积、孔径和平均颗粒大小。在恒温及恒定pH条件下,用静态吸附法研究了磷酸化甘蔗渣对Pb²⁺、Cu^2+、Cr³⁺的吸附动力学,并运用3种动力学模型对吸附过程进行拟合,结果表明二级动力学模型对试验数据最为吻合。所制备的改性甘蔗渣吸附剂对这3种离子的吸附量为Cr³⁺>Cu²⁺>Pb^2+。