Solid-phase synthesis of Cu<Subscript>2</Subscript>MoS<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles for degradation of methyl blue under a halogen-tungsten lamp

The Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles were prepared using a relatively simple and convenient solid-phase process, which was applied for the first time. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles having a band gap of 1.66 eV exhibits good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue, which indicates that this simple process may be critical to facilitate the cheap production of photocatalysts.     

Cu含量对2A14铝合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响

为了提升2A14铝合金耐局部腐蚀性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、点蚀测试、循环阳极极化曲线(Tafel)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等分析测试方法,研究了Cu含量对2A14铝合金锻件显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着Cu含量降低,诱导点蚀的Al2Cu和AlCuMgSi残余结晶相体积分数减小,点蚀坑密度显著降低,合金抗点蚀性能和电化学腐蚀性能大幅提高.     

POM@Fe-MOF衍生物的结构及其电化学性能

采用溶剂热法将Keggin型H_3PW_(12)O_(40)作为次级结构单元引入Fe-MOF结构中,合成出具有花状结构的POM@Fe-MOF材料,以其为模板在不同工艺条件下制备出衍生物WO_2@FePO_4和WO_3@WC@C。借助SEM、XRD等分析了衍生物的表面形貌及物相结构,并将WO_2@FePO_4和WO_3@WC@C分别作为超级电容器的正、负极材料,利用三电极体系在浓度为6mol/L的KOH电解质溶液中对其电化学性能进行表征,在0.5A/g的充电电流密度下分别得到了68.6F/g和70F/g的最高比电容。     

Electrochemical behavior of gold and its associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions

Electrochemical measurements were conducted to study the electrochemical behavior of gold (Au) and its commonly associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions. The results indicated that without addition of any stabilizer, selective dissolution of Au from stibnite and pyrite was only possible at relatively low thiourea concentrations. As Na₂SiO₃ was added, pyrite started to become active and an oxidation peak appeared; the oxidation peaks of arsenopyrite and chalcocite appeared earlier than that of Au. The chalcocite peak shifted in the positive direction and the peak current increased. Stibnite did not show an oxidation peak and its current was nearly zero. Adding Na₂SiO₃ favored the selective dissolution of Au when its minerals were associated with chalcocite and stibnite. At pH 12, the Au anode dissolution peak current increased with stabilizer concentration. At 0.38 and 0.42 V and for Na₂SiO₃ concentration below 0.09 M, the current density continuously increased with Na₂SiO₃ concentration. The Na₂SiO₃ concentration had to be adequate to stabilize thiourea. When the potential was higher than 0.42 V, the surface of the Au electrode started to passivate. With an additional increase in potential, the presence of Na₂SiO₃ could not stop the inevitable decomposition of thiourea.     

CNa42+团簇的结构及其储氢性能研究

氢是一种理想的二次能源,它将成为化石燃料最有希望的替代能源之一,也是亟待开发的重要能源。而氢能的储存成本高,危险性大是急需解决的问题。理论上预测CNa_4~(2+)的储氢性能,通过理论分析,发现了每个CNa_4~(2+)团簇最多可与16个H2分子有效结合,获得23.5%的质量储氢密度。在B3LYP理论水平上,H2分子与CNa_4~(2+)团簇的平均相互作用能在2.107～4.948Kcal/mol之间。由于CNa_4~(2+)的质量储氢密度在7.1～23.7wt%之间,符合美国能源部的要求目标(5.5 wt%)。研究结果表明,CNa_4~(2+)在一定环境条件下可逆吸放氢性能良好,可作为潜在的理想高容量储氢材料。     

一维螺旋链状配位聚合物[Zn(pam)(bpa)]n的水热合成及晶体结构

通过水热反应,合成了标题化合物[Zn(pam)(bpa)]_n(1),(pam=4,4'-亚甲基二(3-羟基-2-萘甲酸), bpa=2,2'-二吡啶胺),对该化合物通过X-射线单晶衍射、红外和荧光光谱进行了结构表征。X-射线单晶衍射表明,目标化合物中的锌(II)离子分别与来自两个不同4,4'-亚甲基二(3-羟基-2-萘甲酸)中的羧基氧和同一个2,2'-二吡啶胺中的两个氮原子配位形成四配位的扭曲四面体结构。该配合物通过锌(II)离子的连接形成有趣的一维螺旋长链,链与链之间通过氢键作用形成二维片状结构。     

钴掺杂对二氧化钛晶粒尺寸及相变的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了纯Ti O_2与不同Co浓度掺杂的Ti O_2纳米粉体,并对样品进行了450、550、650℃保温2 h的热处理.采用X射线衍射仪对制得的纳米粉体进行了晶体结构表征,研究了热处理温度以及Co掺杂浓度对Ti O_2晶粒尺寸以及锐钛矿金红石相变的影响.结果表明:纯Ti O_2与Co-Ti O_2在450℃时为单一的锐钛矿;550℃时,纯Ti O_2有微量金红石生成,Co-Ti O_2仍然全部为锐钛矿;650℃时纯Ti O_2大部分转变为金红石,当Co掺杂量较低时,Co能促进锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,而当掺杂浓度为8%时,Co抑制锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;热处理温度升高以及Co掺杂浓度增加有利于Co Ti O_3相的生成,相同温度下,Co掺杂后Ti O_2晶粒尺寸减小.     

基于碳量子点的TiO2改性及降解污染物性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成掺入碳量子点(CQDs)的TiO₂纳米复合光催化剂,通过荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等进行表征,并在可见光下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)染料溶液以评价其光催化性能.研究表明,CQDs具备上转换荧光特性,掺入CQDs的TiO₂样品可见光响应明显提升.水热法180℃下反应6h制备的CQDs,其溶液加入量为10mL时TiO₂/CQDs样品光催化活性最高,115min后MB的降解率达80%.TiO₂/CQDs样品主要以锐钛矿相存在,颗粒呈球形,比表面积高达200m³·g^-1.     

块体金属玻璃微磨削加工的温度场仿真

建立单颗磨粒微磨削的正交切削模型和玻璃金属的本构关系方程,采用有限元工艺仿真系统对块体金属玻璃进行微磨削加工的温度场仿真,从而得到块体金属玻璃在微磨削过程中的温度以及温度变化趋势,进而观察其磨削温度是否达到块体金属玻璃的玻璃转变温度.因此,对玻璃金属磨削加工过程的温度仿真可以有效预测非晶表面是否有晶化现象的发生.改变微磨削加工参数,对块体金属玻璃的各个磨削区的温度变化趋势进行观察.通过仿真实验发现,块体金属玻璃的最高磨削温度发生在磨粒前刀面与磨屑接触的区域,即第二变形区.     

好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化处理养殖废水及N2O释放特性

好氧颗粒污泥可通过特殊的厌/好氧空间结构实现短程硝化,而短程硝化和好氧颗粒结构都可能导致温室气体N₂O释放.试验研究了处理养殖废水过程中好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化性能,及利用微电极探针定量分析N₂O过程释放特性.稳定运行期间,COD与氨氮平均去除率分别为76.8%和94.4%,短程硝化效率可达88.9%.根据微电极探针和气相色谱分析结果,好氧颗粒污泥系统厌氧和好氧阶段N₂O生成量分别占46.4%和53.6%,但短程硝化系统的N₂O释放主要来源于曝气吹脱作用;系统内N₂O中氮的释放量占进水氮的比例为2.1%,好氧颗粒污泥并未显著强化N₂O释放.