氯化钡生产工艺的研究

论述了氯化钡的两种主要生产工艺,对反应、除杂及分离、浓缩及结晶等工序作了深入的研究,并对影响产品收率、质量等有关的主要因素作了进一步的探讨,同时提供了浓缩结晶的新方法,另外也对生产过程中的劳动保护和环境保护提出了参考意见。     

西藏班戈湖淡化湖水的自然蒸发和析盐规律

 全球气候变暖给青藏高原的湖泊带来极大的影响,湖泊面积的扩大使湖水淡化严重,针对淡化碳酸盐型盐湖的研究意义重大。现场自然蒸发实验以班戈湖淡化碳酸盐型盐湖为研究对象,以Na⁺、K⁺/Cl^-、SO₄^2-、CO₃^2--H₂O五元体系298 K介稳相图为指导,探讨了湖水的pH值变化以及碱金属元素含量对矿物析出的影响。实验结果显示,淡化湖水在自然蒸发过程中需要经历更长的时间才能出现矿物沉淀。湖水的pH值在经历一个缓慢的降低过程后,在蒸发后期又迅速升高,这主要与湖水中的CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-和OH^-含量有关,且与之正相关。在影响淡化湖水酸碱性质的主要碱金属元素中,Na的作用大于K,最后是Li。与之对应的矿物也由中性向碱性转变,表现出的矿物析出顺序为芒硝、石盐、钾芒硝、碳酸钠矾和天然碱。利用不同矿物的析出特性可以分阶段进行回收提取,对盐湖资源开发具有现实意义。     

SHPB技术在材料动态加载相变行为研究方面的拓展

对比分析了分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)技术的冲击加载的方式以及传输和加载机制,分离式霍普金森压杆根据不同的目的可对加载装置和实验方法进行调整,依据其冲击加载基本原理,尝试将分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)技术引入非晶合金材料的冲击加载诱变研究中,实验表明,SHPB技术在材料一维加载情况的相变及其机理研究方面有着广阔的应用前景.     

Liquid droplet as efficient master in thin membrane fabrication of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices

In this paper,liquid droplet master was for the first time used to fabricate thin membranes integrated polymeric microfluidic devices.As demonstration,water liquid droplet master was used to make a thin membrane in PDMS microfluidic devices which were prepared by using printed master.The PDMS membrane can be controlled down to approximately 10 μm thick with considerable vapour permeation which was adjusted by environmental humidity.An array of the microfluidic devices with thin PDMS membranes was also used ...     

Al_(88)Co_4Y_6Er_2非晶合金的晶化动力学行为

采用单辊旋淬法制备了Al88Co4Y6Er2非晶合金,差热分析手段研究了该非晶合金晶化动力学性能.根据约化玻璃转变温度Trg,发现Er(2at%)元素部分取代Al88Co4Y8非晶合金中的Y元素后,得到的Al88Co4Y6Er2非晶合金具有更强的玻璃形成能力.计算得到Al88Co4Y6Er2非晶合金的晶化激活能,初始晶化激活能为381 kJ·mol-1,发现Al88Co4Y6Er2非晶合金具有很好的热稳定性.     

西藏查波措盐湖卤水15℃蒸发析盐规律研究

以西藏查波措盐湖湖水作为研究对象,依据15℃下Na＋、K＋、Mg^2＋／／C1-、SO2-4—H20五元相图,研究了高温蒸发后再冷却至15℃过程中湖水的析盐规律,同时获得了湖水组成、体积及蒸发量等的变化规律,为盐田规划设计、指导现场生产操作提供了依据．     

十二水硫酸铝铵的制备与表征

介绍了冷却结晶法制备NH4Al（SO4）2912H2O,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重-差热等手段对结晶物进行表征,并通过铁灵分光光度法、重量法和水杨酸分光光度法分别测定Al3＋、SO42-和NH4＋含量确定结晶物中NH4Al（SO4）2·12H2O的含量.     

Crystallization dynamics of supersaturated NaClO4 aerosols studied by high-speed photography

Single supersaturated NaClO4 aerosol droplets on a quartz substrate were observed by a high-speed video camera for their morphologic changes with decreasing relative humidity （RH）. The supersaturated droplets were found to form anhydrous NaClO4 at -10% RH. Three stages were roughly observed in this process, i.e., the main stem appearance, primary and secondary branches growth, and the deep dehydration. The main stem grew steadily and finished in 120 ms. Affected by both crystal precipitation and water evaporation, primary branches grew for 1200 ms, accompanied by a slower growth of secondary branches. The deep dehydration was more complicated, and lasted for a longer time.     

Crystallization dynamics of supersaturated NaClO_4 aerosols studied by high-speed photography

Single supersaturated NaClO4 aerosol droplets on a quartz substrate were observed by a high-speed video camera for their morphologic changes with decreasing relative humidity (RH). The supersatu- rated droplets were found to form anhydrous NaClO4 at ~10% RH. Three stages were roughly observed in this process, i.e., the main stem appearance, primary and secondary branches growth, and the deep dehydration. The main stem grew steadily and finished in 120 ms. Affected by both crystal precipitation and water evaporation, primary branches grew for 1200 ms, accompanied by a slower growth of sec- ondary branches. The deep dehydration was more complicated, and lasted for a longer time.     

天冬氨酸对碳酸钙形貌和晶型的控制

用DL-天冬氨酸作为碳酸钙结晶的有效调控剂,对所得到的产物进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM),红外吸收光谱(FT-IR),X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),热重分析表征,结果显示,当DL-天冬氨酸的浓度为0.005 mol.L-1时,所得碳酸钙是方解石型,但当浓度增大到0.05或0.2 mol.L-1时,得到的却是方解石和球霰石的混合体系。这一结果表明,DL-天冬氨酸在碳酸钙的晶体生长过程中起着十分重要的影响。