Recent progress of deep seismic experiments and studies of crustal structure in northern South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the largest marginal seas in the western Pacific. Its northern part has the features of a passive continental margin. The studies of deep crustal structure in this area are very important for understanding the tectonic nature, evolution history, basin formation of the northern margin, and the origin of the SCS. In the past decades, the deep seismic experiments of crustal studies in the northern SCS have gone through three stages, namely the sonobuoy, two-ship Expanding Spread Profile (ESP), and Ocean Bottom Hydrophone/Seismometer (OBH/OBS). Along the continental slope, the sonobuoy experiments provided useful information about the velocity structure of the upper crust, while the ESP data recorded for the first time the seismic signals from deep crustal structure and Moho interface. And the OBH/OBS profiles revealed the crustal structure in much greater detail. This paper first gives a brief historical review of these deep seismic experiments and studies, then a summary of the latest progress and important research results. The remaining problems and suggestions for further research work are presented as conclusive remarks.     

Identification and analysis of shear waves recorded by three-component OBSs in northeastern South China Sea

Structure models associated with P- and S-wave velocities contain considerable amount of information on lithology and geophysical properties, which can be used to better understand the complexity of the deep crustal structure. However, records of converted shear waves are less due to the speciality of seismic survey at sea and the rigorous generated conditions. The study on shear waves has always been a weakness for studying the deep crustal structures of South China Sea （SCS）. In this paper, eleven three-component OBSs were deployed along the Profile OBS-2001 in northeastern SCS. After the data processing of polarization and band-pass filter, converted S-wave phases were identified in the radical component records of nine OBSs. Taking the OBS7 as an example, identification and analysis of converted shear waves were presented and discussed in detail. A few phase groups, such as PwSc, PgSs, PnSc, ProS, and PwSn, were found coming from the deep crust or Moho interface by simple theoretical model calculation and ray-tracing simulation. The results not only provide the underlying basis for studies of S-wave velocity structure and Poisson＇s ratio structure, but also reveal the relationship between crustal petrology and seismology, which will be of importance for making full use of S-wave information in the future.     

Identification and analysis of shear waves recorded by three-component OBSs in northeastern South China Sea

Structure models associated with P- and S-wave velocities contain considerable amount of information on lithology and geophysical properties, which can be used to better understand the complexity of the deep crustal structure. However, records of converted shear waves are less due to the speciality of seismic survey at sea and the rigorous generated conditions. The study on shear waves has always been a weakness for studying the deep crustal structures of South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, Eleven three-component OBSs were deployed along the Profile OBS-2001 in northeastern SCS. After the data processing of polarization and band-pass filter, converted S-wave phases were identified in the radical-component records of nine OBSs. Taking the OBS7 as an example, identification and analysis of converted shear waves were presented and discussed in details. A few phase groups, such as P_wSc,PgSs,PnSc,PmS, and P_wSn, were found coming from the deep crust or Moho interface by simple theoretical model calculation and ray-tracing simulation. The results not only provide the underlying basis for studies of S-wave velocity structure and Poisson’s ratio structure, but also reveal the relationship between crustal petrology and seismology, which will be of importance for making full use of S-wave information in the future.     

基于三维角点网格模型的现今地应力有限元模拟

设计并实现三维角点网格模型的现今地应力有限元模拟方法。利用角点网格, 建立储层三维精细模型。应用网格转换算法, 将网格转换为对应的三维有限元网格模型, 采用有限元法模拟地应力场的分布。采用网格转换逆向方法, 将模型重新采样至对应的角点网格地质模型, 为后续数值模拟等流程提供数据支持, 从而保证流程的连续性和数据的一致性。通过X工区和Y工区两个油田实例数据, 模拟工区应力场分布。对比分析表明, 模拟值与实测值匹配性较好, 证明了方法的准确性和有效性。     

浅析深部矿床和金属分带性成矿机理

大多数热液金属氧化物矿石形成于中地壳.深部水岩相互作用及其成矿流体性质决定了矿石的性质.从化学动力学角度阐述深部成矿和找矿的理论和实际问题.     

表面重熔加工对材料耐空泡腐蚀的影响

采用TIG(钨极惰性气体保护焊)表面重熔工艺对表面耐空泡腐蚀堆焊材料进行改性加工,与磨削表面加工对比研究了TIG表面重熔对空泡腐蚀的影响.结果表明:在45 h空泡腐蚀试验后,磨削试样的累积失重量是TIG表面重熔试样的1.59倍;相变产生的马氏体剥落是质量损失的主要形式,而TIG表面重熔工艺延迟了奥氏体到马氏体的相变,降低了质量损失;大量裂纹沿着马氏体片层发展,而TIG重熔表面抑制了裂纹发展,避免了大的物质剥落.     

砂岩储层重复压裂前井眼围岩地应力模型研究

根据势的叠加原则,确定了重复压裂井周围注/采孔隙压力模型;考虑注/采生产初次人工裂缝内充满弱可压缩流体,引入流体弹性系数,建立含弱可压缩流体的初次裂缝诱导应力场模型;根据线性叠加原理,建立重复压裂前井眼围岩的总应力计算模型,并计算实际1口生产井的应力分布.     

台中-晋江横向构造带对福建现代地壳变形和地震的影响

台中-晋江横向构造带是一条重要的断裂带,控制了福建地区新生代地壳变形和现今地壳运动的南北差异。研究表明,受该断裂带控制,形成福建现代地壳运动南北分区,地壳活动南强北弱、南升北降的特点;历史中强地震基本分布在断裂以南的东部和邻近海域地区,形成南部地震集中区;1999--2006年环境剪应力值高值区集中分布在台中-晋江横向构造带以南,也反映了南强北弱、南北分区的特点。     

Recent rapid shortening of crust across the Tianshan Mts. and relative motion of tectonic blocks in the north and south

Based on the multiple-epoch Global Positioning System observations during a period from 1992 to 1999, we document directly a rapid crustal shortening of ～20 mm/a across the western Tianshan Mts. (76°E), in contrast to a 4 mm/a convergent rate across the eastern Tianshan Mts. (87°E)and the north-south convergence across the mountain belt descends laterally from west to east. The direction of current crustal movement inferred by GPS sites along the southern flank of the Tianshan Mts. is approximately perpendicular to the easterly-trending mountain belt, indicating that the Tarim Basin thrust almost rightly into the Tianshan Mts. The Tarim Basin accommodates nearly no or a minor, if any, crustal deformation and rotates clockwise, as a rigid body in a whole, at a rate of 0.64°/Ma around a Euler pole at 95.7°E, 40.3°N (Anxi, Gansu) with respect to the stable Siberia. The relative motion between the Kazakh platform and the Dzungarian Basin is quite apparent. The Dzungar should be regarded as an independent active block from the view of the Asia tectonic settings.     

灰铸铁激光重熔的正交设计

报道了千瓦级NdYAG脉冲激光表面重熔的工艺参数探索中采用正交实验设计的方法,可以迅速有效地获得最佳激光加工工艺参数,为激光加工技术在工业生产中的应用提供了一个有效的方法.