黄土夹砂层的持水机制

为研究黄土高原西北干旱区农业采用的"压砂"保墒方法机理,进行3种室内土柱(均质土柱、夹3 cm厚砂层的土柱、夹5 cm厚砂层的土柱)的降雨入渗试验,并建立微观模型对夹砂层阻水现象进行分析。通过烘干法和MAT253稳定气体同位素质谱仪测定土柱不同深度2个时间点(13 d、197 d)的含水率和土壤水的δD、δ18O,得到不同时间含水率随深度变化规律和土壤水δD~δ18O关系。结果表明:(a)黄土中夹砂层的存在起到了减缓水流下渗的作用,而不是阻止水分下渗。(b)夹砂层的这种阻水效果一方面是由于砂层薄膜水的持水量远小于黄土,从而阻滞了水流的下渗;另一方面是由于在介质突变界面处过水断面面积突然减小,以致降低了水流的下渗速度。     

加速度不对称波浪作用下的底部边界层动力特性

为了研究加速度不对称波浪对底部边界层的影响,建立加速度不对称波浪作用下的底部边界层数学模型,复演物理模型试验中的流速剖面、紊动强度和床面剪切应力,在此基础上探讨加速度不对称波浪边界层的动力特性。结果表明,波峰半周期内正向加速阶段的加速度比较大,引起较快的边界层发育、较大的流速梯度和较大的紊动能量,产生了正向的周期平均床面剪切应力;这些现象随加速度不对称系数的增大而更加明显;在振荡水槽中,加速度不对称波浪边界层内存在底部反向和顶部正向的时均流动,加速度不对称系数的增大会增强底部反向流速;在开敞水域中,时均流速在整个边界层内都是正向的,底部出现"流速外突"的现象,顶部流速趋于均匀分布,加速度不对称系数的增大会减弱底部正向流速。     

厚壁圆筒中多条绝热剪切带自组织行为数值模拟

针对304L不锈钢厚壁圆筒内聚压缩过程中出现的多条绝热剪切带自组织行为开展数值模拟研究.在宏观本构中通过引入概率因子描述材料内部微观结构导致的屈服应力分布不均匀性,数值模拟成功再现厚壁圆筒内聚压缩过程中多条绝热剪切带的起始和传播过程.实验研究发现,厚壁圆筒内绝热剪切带的发展方向在45°和135°两族中出现一族占优的“单旋性”现象.304L不锈钢柱壳初始样品的微观表征结果显示,柱壳内表存在一个加工硬化层,该加工硬化层内材料的晶粒表现出特定取向的旋转和损伤特性.数值建模中,使用带有特定取向的周期性单旋扰动描述加工层内晶粒特定去向的旋转、损伤特性,模拟结果成功再现厚壁圆筒中多条剪切带的单旋模式.     

介孔SBA-15/SiO2气凝胶硅-硅复合材料的制备和性能

以有序介孔二氧化硅颗粒SBA-15 为添加剂,利用酸碱两步法制备 SBA-15/SiO2气凝胶硅- 硅复合材料. 研究SBA-15添加量对气凝胶复合材料的形成过程和性能的影响,采用扫描电镜和氮气吸附-脱附对样品的结构进行表征,并测试其力学性能和热导率. 结果表明:少量有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15的加入能大大缩短二氧化硅气凝胶形成时间,提高气凝胶复合材料的力学性能,并保持较低的热导率,而材料的比表面积仅略有下降.     

Forced Collision:Detecting Wormhole Attacks with Physical Layer Network Coding

Previous research on security of network coding focused on the protection of data dissemination procedures and the detection of malicious activities such as pollution attacks.The capabilities of network coding to detect other attacks have not been fully explored.In this paper,we propose a new mechanism based on physical layer network coding to detect wormhole attacks.When two signal sequences collide at the receiver,the starting point of the collision is determined by the distances between the receiver and ...     

浅谈对错层结构的认识

随着时代的发展,人们对居住环境的要求越来越高,错层逐步进入人们的视野。文章着重在结构方面介绍错层的概念、结构形式、抗震措施等相关知识,对错层结构及其使用有一个完整的认识。     

40Cr齿轮单螺旋扫描激光 相变硬化工艺参数的理论分析

从理论上分析了40Cr齿轮激光相变硬化时采用的扫描速度、入射角及偏置量等.通过对试块硬化实验,确定了40Cr齿轮相变硬化采用一次偏置、变加速扫描的工艺.得到1.5mm均匀淬硬层，达到了所需要求.     

累积叠轧Al/Cu复合板界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制

采用累积叠轧(ARB)结合多次退火处理制备了Al/Cu复合板,重点研究了Al/Cu界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制. 结果表明:Al/Cu界面反应层的形成主要依赖于退火过程中铜原子在界面处的扩散,反应产物包括Al₂Cu、AlCu、Al₄Cu₉. 轧制变形致使反应层破碎并在基体中均匀分布,轧后退火处理导致新的反应层不断形成.最终经多次叠轧及退火处理,原始铜板材全部转变为椭球状具有核-壳结构的Al/Cu金属间化合物颗粒. 8道次复合板抗拉强度最高,达到176.8 MPa,是退火态1060抗拉强度的1.74倍;0道次复合板延伸率较好,主要是Al/Cu界面分层后铝层均匀塑性变形,应力缓慢释放所致.     

节能玻璃的物理特性测量及应用

测量节能玻璃的导热率和光透射率，并在同样的实验条件下，与普通单层玻璃、普通双层玻璃相比较，实验结果表明节能玻璃具有明显低导热率和高透光率等优点．     

Coastal seafloor observatory at Xiaoqushan in the East China Sea

The seafloor observation system is becoming an important infrastructure for marine research because it is transforming oceanic research from temporal investigation to long term observation.The East China Sea coastal seafloor observatory,located between 30°31′44″N,122°15′12″E and 30°31′34″N,122°14′40″E,is constructed near the Xiaoqushan Island outside the Hangzhou Bay on the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea.The observatory is connected by a submarine optical fiber composite power cable that is more than one kilometer long and consists of a special junction box that transmits power and communication signals to different instruments.The special junction box has a variety of waterproof plugs and connects to three different instruments installed in a trawl preventer.The submarine optical fiber composite power cable is landed on the platform by The East China Sea Branch,State Oceanic Administration and the power is continuously supplied by the solar panels and solar battery on the top of the platform.The real time data are directly sent through the cable to the platform and are transmitted by CDMA wireless to the receiver at the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of Tongji University.Measurements at the observatory have been taken since April 20,2009 after installation and the results have been interpreted.The characteristics of the near bottom boundary are constrained by a sediment suspension model using portion of the observed data.In particular,discussion is provided on the sea surface height anomaly at Xiaoqushan Island influenced by the tsunami driven by the 2010 Earthquake in Chile.The successful establishment of the coastal seafloor observatory is the first step toward future development of seafloor observation systems in China.It not only accumulates experiences in technology and engineering,but also paves the way for performing important oceanic research using the long term continuous observation platform.