微生物菌肥的作用机理研究

以蜡状芽孢杆菌和胶状芽孢杆菌为菌种制作的菌肥 ,可以提高土壤的供肥能力 ,N2 O可提高 97.2 % ,K2 O增加83.9% ;使蔬菜次生根数增加 10 %～ 5 1% ,增长可至 30 .9% ,根系活力可增加 17.2 % ;菌肥还可促进植物的营养 ,可使作物叶片的营养元素P、K、Ca、Mg的含量均有增加 ;还可增加叶片中叶绿素含量达 5 3% ,作物的叶面积系数增加 2 6 .8% ;菌肥还可降低呼吸强度 10 %～ 2 3% ;菌肥中细菌代谢时可生成多种生长激素和细胞分裂激素 ,如 6 -苄氨基嘌吟、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素等 ,通过这几方面的综合作用 ,使作物的生长加速、消耗降低 ,最终使作物获得增产     

Response of soil nutrients to different cropping systems in the oasis of arid land

In the process of transformation of tropic rain forest and semi-arid grassland to farmland, the soil degradation usually occurs. But the transformation of arid desert to oasis is likely to differ from that of tropic rain forest and semi-arid grassland. Taking an alluvial plain oasis as a study case, the oasis soil properties during the process of the transformation of different cropping systems have been investigated and evaluated. Selected cropping systems consist of saline tolerance crop （STC）, food crop （FC）, melon and vegetables （MV）, Economic plants-cotton （EP-C） economic plants-grape （EP-G）, Economic plants-Hop （EP-H）. Surface soil （0-20 cm） samples were collected in 1982, 1999 and 2003. Soil, organic matter （OM）, and available N （AN）, available P （AP） and available K （AK） were determined for each soil sample. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the soil property data. The transformation of cropping systems in the Sangong River watershed was affected directly by the policy, law and market. The soil OM contents experienced a decline during 1982- 1999, then a rise during 1999-2003. AN, AP and AK contents increased significantly with cultivated time. Soil OM tends to decrease during the conversion from STC and FC to cotton but increase during the conversion from the cotton to the grape. The soil OM was increased gradually with the cultivation time, so the oasis soil presented carbon sink, which indicates that human activities was reasonable and favorable for improvement of the oasis-ecosystem.     

苏南低渗砂岩气藏产能评价及稳产趋势分析

长庆苏里格南区为典型的低孔隙度、低渗透率、低丰度岩性油气藏,该研究的目的层段岩性特征较为复杂,气田勘探开发难度大。通过对储集层静态与动态资料的综合研究,对区块气井生产过程中的递减规律进行分析,总结出影响气田生产的原因并提出气田稳产对策,对同类气田的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

重点农业基地耕地面积变化特征及其驱动因素——以江西省吉安市为例

对江西省吉安市2001—2010年期间耕地面积变化及其驱动因素进行分析,并采用重心坐标分析法与逐步回归分析法等方法计算与分析了吉安市耕地动态变化的特征及其主要的驱动因素.结果表明:1)10年间,吉安市耕地数量变化的总体趋势是先迅速下降,后缓慢上升;2)耕地年际变化率存在较大差异,区域之间耕地动态变化度和耕地利用程度也存在较大差异;3)耕地重心的变化幅度略大于人口和经济重心的变化幅度,人口、经济重心的变化趋势与耕地面积重心的变化趋势相反;4)人口数量、粮食单产和人均财政收入是影响吉安市耕地数量变化的主要社会驱动因子;影响耕地复种指数变化的社会驱动因子有人口增长率、粮食单产增长率和城镇化率增长率;影响垦殖指数变化的社会驱动因子有财政收入增长率与城镇化率增长率.研究结果可为了解吉安市及我国中部地区耕地的空间动态变化特征,制定我国重点农业生产基地的耕地资源管理政策与发展战略等提供理论依据.     

Agricultural expansion in Yunnan Province and its environmental consequences

Yunnan Province with numerous international rivers has huge impacts on downstream countries such as Burma, Laos and Vietnam. Agricultural expansion in Yunnan has conferred and continues to confer detrimental impacts on environments. In the past 43 years （1960-2003）, the increase in crop yield was associated with a 99.1-fold increase in fertilizers, 2.0-fold in pesticides, and 0.4-fold in cultivated lands, respectively. Based on linear regression of the past trend, the next doubling of crop yield in the future would be accompanied by the increase in fertilizer application （from about 1.3×10^9 kg to 3.6×10^9 kg）, and the increase in application of pesticides （from about 2.7×10^7 kg to 9.6×10^7 kg）. Similarly, the total amount of cultivated lands would increase from about 5.9×10^6 ha to 9.3×10^6 ha. In the past decades, these changes have caused a series of environmental problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution （ANSP）, deforestation, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. If the escalating status continues as our prediction, those problems would get worse and be tough to be dealt with. As for the situation in this region, some practices to minimize the impacts should be implemented in controlling population growth, protecting wetlands, developing tourism, and utilizing fertilizers and pesticides more rationally.     

湖南省作物光温生产潜力的探讨

本文根据湖南省作物生产现状和气侯条件,确立了适合作物光温生产潜力的求算公式,并进行了计算;同时探讨了其时空变异规律、特点及成因。     

山西省各区域组合种植作物试验研究

在山西省15个试验站点进行了灌溉试验研究,总结了各区域适宜的作物组合种植模式。     

计算机绘图在作物栽培学研究中的应用

本文初步介绍了在作物栽培学研究领域里应用计算机绘图的一般知识,并推荐了几个目前适用于作物载培学研究工作者使用的绘图软件。     

“宝钢”地区环境(土壤、作物)基底研究

本文探讨宝钢周围地区土壤、作物重金属和氟的基底浓度。在调查地区进行土壤和作物的采样和实测,表明该地区除了靠近吴淞工业区地段外,未受广泛而严重的重金属和氟污染。局部地区氟污染已危害作物和牲畜。土壤上下层锌镉比和土壤、作物锌镉比表明锌比镉更易在谷物中积累;镉只是残留在土壤表层,而锌则趋向于在土壤剖面中均匀分布。运用对数距离与对数金属浓度回归分析,表明该地区农业土壤的重金属污染主要呈东南到西北方向,污染源来自吴淞工业区。     

中国富硒谷子产业现状及发展方向

为明确中国富硒地区、谷子主产区以及富硒谷子产品的现状,采用数据统计、文献资料、网络资源、专家访谈、实地调研等方式取得数据资料,对中国富硒地区、谷子主产区、富硒谷子产品等资料进行整理、分析,筛选出适合不同区域生产的富硒谷子品种,指出了富硒谷子产业的发展方向,为提高中国富硒谷子产业化水平提供借鉴。