五指毛桃拮抗环磷酰胺诱发的遗传损伤效应

目的探讨五指毛桃对环磷酰胺所致小鼠遗传物质损伤的拮抗效应.方法 30只SPF级昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组及五指毛桃高（20g/kg）、中（10g/kg）、低（5g/kg）3个抗突变组.抗突变组用五指毛桃水提液灌胃,阴性对照组、阳性对照组灌以等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续15d.于第14 d,除阴性对照组外,各组小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺40mg/kg,24h后重复注射一次.用微核试验,检测五指毛桃水提液对环磷酰胺诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞和睾丸生精细胞微核发生率的影响.结果抗突变组的骨髓嗜多染红细胞和睾丸生精细胞微核率均明显降低,与阳性对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,并且随着五指毛桃液浓度的增高,微核率逐渐降低.结论五指毛桃可以拮抗环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠遗传物质损伤,提示五指毛桃有一定的抗突变作用.     

高容量血液滤过治疗严重颅脑损伤后多器官功能障碍的研究

探讨高容量血液滤过治疗严重颅脑损伤后多器官功能障碍患者的预后及与肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-1、白介素-10水平的变化。无肝素化血液滤过治疗重度颅脑损伤多脏器衰竭患者,监测病人14 d死亡率及监测病人、24 h、48 h TNF-α、IL-1、IL-10变化。结果血液滤过治疗24 h及48 h的TNF-α、IL-1、IL-10水平明显低于血滤治疗前。治疗14 d后治疗组死亡率明显低于对照组。高容量血液滤过治疗严重颅脑损伤后多器官功能障碍的患者,能够降低炎症介质改善其预后。     

重组人Elafin对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨重组人Elafin对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法建立大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,给予不同浓度的重组人Elafin对其进行治疗,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,并对肝脏病理组织学改变进行观察。结果缺血再灌注后大鼠肝组织损害较重,血清ALT、AST及LDH水平明显升高(P0.001),若手术前给予大鼠一定浓度的重组人Elafin可对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤起到一定的保护作用。结论重组人Elafin对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用。     

地塞米松冲击治疗百草枯急性中毒的实验研究

目的：研究地塞米松对百草枯所致家兔急性肺损伤的保护作用,为临床防治急性肺损伤提供治疗依据。方法：将40只家兔随机分为3组。家兔按百草枯50mg／kg一次性腹腔注射染毒。百草枯中毒组：不予抢救。观察中毒后兔生存情况、死亡时间。地塞米松组：在染毒后,给予地塞米松5mg／kg注射。对照组,呋塞米5mg／kg注射。两组均每30分钟注射一次。持续监护呼吸变化及中毒表现。3小时为实验终点。采集死亡兔的肺作病理切片。取静脉血做心肌酶检测。结果：地塞米松冲击治疗百草枯急性中毒,生存期超过3小时。地塞米松可明显降低肺系数,纠正中毒心肌缺血。结论：地塞米松能在较短时间内降低百草枯急性中毒所致的家兔肺水肿症状,减轻肺损伤。对家兔中毒后有明显的心肌保护作用。     

体育学院篮球运动员运动损伤的现状与原因分析

通过对我国体育学院篮球运动员运动损伤现状的调查,进一步廓清篮球运动损伤的规律及原因,结合查阅相关文献资料,综合人体解剖学与力学规律,分析引起损伤的原因,以期为今后的训练和比赛中促进技术的提高和预防运动损伤的发生提供借鉴。     

吸烟的重金属危害与DNA损伤

目的 探讨习惯性吸烟对血浆内重金属含量变化以及DNA损伤的影响.方法 湘南学院94名健康大学三年级男生,20名不吸烟者（对照组,C组）;74名吸烟者,按照吸烟数量分为E1组（≤20支/周）,E2组（＞20支/周）;测定每个大学生血浆内汞、镉、铅及8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）的含量,并比较了组间有无差异.结果 C组,E1组,E2组血浆中：①汞含量分别为0.022±0.016、0.036±0.018、0.058±0.013 μmol/L;镉含量分别为0.012±0.008、0.020±0.010、0.031±0.013 μmol/L;铅含量分别为0.209±0.028、0.251±0.018、0.272±0.032 μmol/L,三组之间差异均有统计学意义（P 〈 0.01）;②8-OHdG分别为204.23±28.48、354.84±36.13、517.15±19.74 μg/L,三组之间差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.01）;③吸烟者吸烟指数与血浆中镉、铅及8-OHdG的含量均呈正相关（r分别为0.646、0.520、0.743,P 〈 0.05）.结论 习惯性吸烟能够导致机体重金属的集聚性中毒,并且伴有机体DNA的损伤.随着吸烟量与吸烟时间的累积,这种有害效应的危险性也将显著增大.     

经鼻外筛蝶窦进路视神经管减压术8例报告

采用经鼻外筛蝶窦进路行视神经管减压术治疗视神经外伤８例，结果发现该手术解剖标志清楚，方法较为简单、易学．其中４例取得明显的视力提高，视力分别从术前的无光感、无光感、光感、光感到术后的０．１、０．２－１、０．０６、０．２，５例眼球活动障碍的病人４例得到完全恢复．认为经鼻外眶筛蝶窦进路视神经管减压术目前不失为治疗视神经外伤行之有效的方法之一．     

Molecular mechanisms of glutamate-dependent neurodegeneration in ischemia and traumatic brain injury

Stroke and neurotrauma mediate neuronal death through a series of events that involve multiple interdependent molecular pathways. It has been suggested that these pathways are triggered following elevations in extracellular excitatory amino acids, primarily glutamate [1]. This report outlines mechanisms involving glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity with specific focus on (i) the role of Ca²⁺ in neurotoxicity, (ii) The concept of source specificity of neurotoxicity, (iii) the role of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-subtype glutamate receptor and its associated submembrane molecules that may give rise to signaling specificity in excitotoxicity and (iv) the role of glutamate-mediated free-radical generation and associated cell death pathways. We also highlight a novel, peptide-based approach for uncoupling NMDA receptors from excitotoxicity in the rat central nervous system subjected to focal ischemia, thereby reducing stroke infarct volume and improving neurological functioning.Received 11 August 2003; received after revision 15 September 2003; accepted 17 September 2003     

农业气象灾害对徐州小麦生产的影响及防治措施

小麦是徐州市具有最大优势的粮食作物。本文分析了徐州市小麦生产中的若干主要农业气象灾害的危害,并据徐州的农业气候特征,提出防御这些灾害的措施。     

Serum creatine kinase in marathon runners

Summary Serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) and CK-MB activity were determined in 21 trained runners participating in a marathon race (42.2 km). Enzyme activities immediately after the race increased two to three times compared with activities before the race. The greatest increases were found in the slowest runners, suggesting greater skeletal muscular trauma in the least trained or fit. As these are likely to include the older athletes who are also more likely to suffer acute myocardial injury during strenuous exercise, our findings assume special import in the interpretation of increased CK and CK-MB serum activities of older athletes.Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank the members and president of the Columbia Track Club for their cooperation.