硫丹在棉花及土壤中的残留动态研究

测定了硫丹在棉花和土壤中的残留动态,应用气相色谱法和弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化样品测定了硫丹在棉叶、棉籽和土壤中的残留量。结果表明,硫丹在棉叶和土壤中的半衰期分别是5.92d和19.92d,在棉籽中未检出硫丹。     

牛奶纤维／棉混纺针织物的漂白工艺

研究了双氧水质量浓度、碳酸钠质量浓度、硅酸钠质量浓度、尿素质量浓度、渗透剂质量浓度、时间、温度、浴比等因素对牛奶纤维/棉混纺针织物漂白效果的影响.根据正交实验得出较优的牛奶纤维/棉混纺针织物漂白工艺:双氧水质量浓度25g/L,碳酸钠质量浓度4g/L,渗透剂JFC质量浓度2g/L,硅酸钠质量浓度4g/L,尿素质量浓度7g/L,浴比1∶20,时间60min,温度90℃.实验结果同时表明弱碱环境下,牛奶纤维/棉混纺针织物过氧化尿素氧漂的效果优于过氧化氢氧漂的效果.     

新疆早熟棉品种SSR分子标记体系的建立

为探索适宜新疆早熟棉的SSR-PCR反应体系,采用L9(34)正交实验设计,研究了SSR-PCR反应体系的主要成分对扩增结果的影响。结果表明,棉花SSR-PCR最适反应体系为:在10μL的反应体系中,Taq DNA聚合酶用量为0.1 U、dNTP浓度0.2 mmol/L、引物浓度0.4μmol/L、Mg2+浓度2.5 mmol/L和模板DNA 20 ng;在此基础上,从2300对SSR引物中筛选出多态性高的引物52条,分别构建了新疆已经审定的42个早熟棉品种的DNA指纹图谱。该研究为早熟棉品种鉴定、遗传多样性分析,分子标记辅助育种和种子质量综合评价等奠定了基础。     

竹浆纤维含量及纬密对竹浆纤维/棉织物防紫外线性能的影响

采用HB902型防紫外线透过及防晒保护测试系统,根据GB/T6529—2008和GB/T18830—2009对15种不同规格的棉与竹浆纤维/棉交织面料的防紫外线性能进行了测试,研究了竹浆纤维含量及纬纱密度变化对交织物防紫外线性能的影响.结果表明：在UVB波段的紫外线透过率,竹浆纤维/棉交织物小于纯棉织物;而在UVA波段中340～400 nm的紫外线透过率,竹浆纤维/棉交织物大于纯棉织物;随着纬纱中竹浆纤维含量的增加,中波长紫外线透过率呈现先减小再增加再减小再增加的变化规律,竹浆纤维质量分数为30%时中波长紫外线透过率最小;随着纬纱中竹浆纤维含量的增加,长波长紫外线透过率呈现增加的规律;当经密不变、纬纱中竹浆纤维含量不变时,随着纬密的增大,紫外线透过率减小,织物的防紫外线性能增强.     

Film Morphology, Emulsification of Dodecyl/Carboxyl Modified Polysiloxane and Its Application Performance on Cotton Fabrics

The film morphology of dodecyl/carboxyl modified polysiioxane (RCAS) on cotton fabric or the silicon wafer was investigated and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM ),atomic force microscope ( AFM ),and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).Experimental results indicate that RCAS is a good film forming material on different substrates.Relatively smooth film was formed on cotton fabric surface,on which the grooves disappeared.In addition,RCAS formed a micromorphology inhomogeneous and unsmooth film on the silicon wafer.Many high or low bright peaks distributed randomly on the film surface,especially as the field was 2μm ×2 μmand the date scale was 5 nm in AFM observation.Then RCAS was emulsified with nonionic surfactant alkyl polyoxyethylene ether in order to achieve a transparent organosilicon emulsion-RCAS emulsion ( RCSE),which possessed good stability.The properties of RCSE and its application performance on cotton fabrics were investigated and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM),particle size analysis,and voltage test instrument.The results show that the average particle size of RCAS emulsion is 28.32 nm,while the ζ voltage is - 37.88 mV.Compared with untreatd cotton fabric,the.softness of treated fabric can be improved with RCSE to a certain extent.At the.same time,the fabric treated with RCSE acquires unique fluffy and soft handle.     

Novel Waterborne Fluorinated Polyurethane Containing Fluoroalkyl Side Chain:Synthesis,Characterization and Application on Cotton Fabric

A polyether diol poly[3-bromomethyl-3-tridecafluorooctyloxymethyloxetane]glycol(PFBOX 3) was prepared in 91% yield from ring opening polymerization of 3-bromomethyl-3-tridecafluorooctyloxymethyloxetane 2 which was derived from 3,3-dibromomethyloxetane 1 and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanol.The waterborne fluorinated polyurethane FPU was thus obtained by condensed polymerization of PFBOX 3 with isophoronediisocyanate(IPDI).The structure of FPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR).FP...     

酶制剂在玉米秸秆双菌种固态发酵生产微生物油脂中的应用

以玉米秸秆为原料,利用纤维素酶和康宁木霉将玉米秸秆转化为可发酵糖,皮状丝孢酵母利用可发酵糖生产微生物油脂。采用正交试验,分别通过检测发酵物中还原糖含量和油脂产量,确定微生物油脂生产的最佳条件。研究结果表明：利用纤维素酶和康宁木霉处理玉米秸秆,在纤维素酶添加量为0.15％,康宁木霉接种量为10％,处理温度为26℃,处理时间为6 d的条件下,可获得还原糖含量为4.852 g/L的玉米秸秆降解物。利用皮状丝孢和酵母发酵玉米秸秆降解物生产微生物油脂,在皮状丝孢酵母接种量为9％,培养温度为26℃,培养时间为7 d的条件下,每100 g发酵产物中,可获得微生物油脂3.321 g。     

河南棉花新品种数量性状的典型相关和通径分析

通过对河南省2006年春棉品种区试10个品种的产量、植株及纤维品质性状组的典型相关与通径分析得出：选择生育期短、株高中等偏高、果枝节位低、果枝台数多的性状,有利于增加株铃,提高铃质量,并能间接增进主要纤维品质,确为选育高产优质棉花新品种的有效途径。但在选择结铃性强的植株性状时,应防止降低铃质量。从性状相关性间接选择对衣分无效,应通过室内考种择优选取。表11,参11。     

天然彩棉的结晶度和取向度研究

用X射线衍射方法研究了天然彩棉、白棉和染色棉的结晶度和取向度,结果表明:天然彩棉的结晶度和取向度明显小于染色棉,但与白棉的差异并不明显,且天然彩棉和白棉的结晶度和取向度因产地不同而有所差异,无规律可寻.在研究取向状态时,发现天然绿色棉呈现两个特征:一是(040)晶面的衍射峰显著低于(200)晶面;二是(002)晶面衍射的强度分布与天然棕色棉、白棉和染色棉明显不同.这两个特征可用于鉴别天然绿色棉的真伪.     

纯棉织物电化学前处理技术探讨

采用不锈铜丝网阳极氧化并制备PbO2（二氧化铅）电极,电流密度在10mA·cm^-2时获得的较好的PbO2沉积情况。采用三电极体系研究了该不锈钢基PbO2电极应用于纯棉织物前处理工艺,发现该前处理工艺是可行的,可以有效缩短棉织物前处理加工时间,提高生产效率。正交试验得出棉织物前处理最佳工艺条件为无水硫酸钠0．1mol·L^-1,阳极电流密度80mA·cm^-2．氢氧化钠6g·L^-1,20℃处理45min。与传统的前处理工艺相比,电化学法处理后织物的白度稍低,但是断裂强力更高。