Influence of ethanol on calcium,inositol phospholipids and intracellular signalling mechanisms

Summary Studies have implicated Ca⁺⁺ in the actions of ethanol at many biochemical levels. Calcium as a major intracellular messenger in the central nervous system is involved in many processes, including protein phosphorylation enzyme activation and secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. The control of intracellular calcium, therefore, represents a major step by which neuronal cells regulate their activities. The present review focuses on three primary areas which influence intracellular calcium levels; voltage-dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels, receptor-mediated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, and Ca⁺⁺/Mg⁺⁺-ATPase, the high affinity membrane Ca⁺⁺ pump.Current research suggests that a subtype of the voltage-dependent Ca⁺⁺ channel, the dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca⁺⁺ channel, is uniquely sensitive to acute and chronic ethanol treatment. Acute exposure inhibits, while chronic ethanol exposure increases⁴⁵Ca⁺⁺-influx and [³H]dihydropyridine receptor binding sites. In addition, acute and chronic exposure to ethanol inhibits, then increases Ca⁺⁺/Mg⁺⁺-ATPase activity in neuronal membranes. Changes in Ca⁺⁺ channel and Ca⁺⁺/Mg⁺⁺-ATPase activity following chronic ethanol may occur as an adaptation process to increase Ca⁺⁺ availability for intracellular processes. Since receptor-dependent inositol phospholipid hydrolysis is enhanced after chronic ethanol treatment, subsequent activation of protein kinase-C may also be involved in the adaptation process and may indicate increased coupling for receptor-dependent changes in Ca⁺⁺/Mg⁺⁺-ATPase activity.The increased sensitivity of three Ca⁺⁺-dependent processes suggest that adaptation to chronic ethanol exposure may involve coupling of one or more of these processes to receptor-mediated events.     

冲击放电电场主放电通道的辐射量计算

将等离子体理论引入高电压气体放电的主放电通道的处理中,通过对放电通道的一系列简化处理,利用伏拉索夫公式计算放电通道中的电子分布,从而计算出放电通道发出的辐射能量随频率的分布,与位置的关系。     

张允随对乾隆年间金沙江航道整治工程的管理

张允随作为清代前期云南地方政坛上继鄂尔泰之后有所作为的封疆大吏，由其主要负责的金沙江航道整治工程，体现了重视水利交通，发展云南地方经济的思想。他治河的各项管理措施，值得肯定和借鉴。     

视景仿真系统光学视觉通道技术研究与实现

研究了在视景仿真系统中应用多视觉通道图形显示技术时应注意的关键问题,仿真结果表明,多视觉通道技术的合理运用,能增加飞行视景仿真的“沉浸”感。结合该类系统的需要,提出了“光学通道”的概念。根据摄像机成像原理,得到了焦距与视场角的关系,实现了光学通道的变焦功能。该方法计算量小,实现简单,能满足仿真实时性的要求,具有重大的工程意义。     

Differential sensitivity of amphibian nodal and paranodal K+ channels to 4-aminopyridine and TEA

Summary Voltage-dependent K⁺ channels are blocked by several drugs, including 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). 4-AP is most widely used to localize K⁺ channels in mammalian and non-mammalian nerve fibers, but 4-AP and TEA alter various K⁺ channels and/or preparations in specific ways. The reason is not known, in part because dissociation constants for 4-AP and TEA have not been measured for nodal and internodal K⁺ channels in the same fibers. Smith and Schauf showed that the density of nodal versus paranodal K⁺ channels in frog nerves depends on fiber diameter. This size dependence was used to determine the relative sensitivity of nodal and internodal K⁺ channels to 4-AP and TEA, and to compare voltage- and time-dependent activation. The results show nodal and internodal K⁺ channels activate similarly. However, internodal channels are selectivity blocked by 4-AP while TEA is more effective on nodal channels. A high sensitivity of internodal K⁺ channels may explain why 4-AP improves symptoms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis.     

The relationship between mutual coefficient errors and the amplitude and phase errors of channels

In general, an accurate mutual coupling correlation is necessary for an array antenna to reach ideal sideiobe level. If the mutual coefficient matrix of an array antenna is perfectly known, one can completely compensate the effect of mutual coupling and realize the desired sidelobe level in theory. However, the mutual coefficient matrix obtained wherever by calculation on by measurement has a limited precision. In this paper, the requirements on the precision of matrix coefficient for compensation in low sidelobe array antenna are discussed. The relationship between mutual coefficient errors and the amplitude and phase errors of channels is derived.     

基于I/Q正交双路的USB、LSB和DSB的一种识别算法

针对传统的单路P参数识别算法中必须保留载波残余频偏的缺点,提出了一种基于I/Q正交双路的识别算法.该算法直接将信号搬到基带,无需保留载波残余频偏,消除了残余频偏对较低频段信号识别和解调的不利影响.给出了上边带调制信号、下边带调制信号和双边带调制信号在不同信噪比(SNR)下的P参数值,并给出了其在不同SNR下的正确识别率.仿真结果表明,在SNR不小于0的情况下,平均正确识别率在95%以上.     

超混沌FM-DCSK保密通信性能分析

在对保密通信的性能要求不断提高的情况下,将具有更复杂动力学行为的超混沌应用到FM-DCSK系统中.分别在AWGN信道、多径Rayleigh信道、多径Ricean信道的条件下,通过理论分析和Matlab数值仿真,用误码率(BER)与信噪比(SNR)的关系阐释了超混沌FM-DCSK调制系统的性能.实验结果表明,超混沌FM-DCSK系统具有比低维的混沌FM-DCSK 系统更为优良的保密性能和较好的抗干扰能力.     

一种基于粒子滤波的盲多用户检测器

针对平坦瑞利衰落信道下的多用户检测问题.提出了一种基于可变粒子滤波器的盲多用户检测器。在导频序列接收阶段采用较多的粒子数目来估计信道参数。在信号检测阶段采用较少的粒子数目实现多用户检测算法,这样构成的变粒子数多用户检测算法在保持较好性能的同时具有较低运算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在高斯噪声或非高斯噪声环境,该检测器性能优于基本粒子滤波检测器性能。     

一种通用多通道并行CRC计算及其实现

对循环冗余校验码(CRC)现有计算方法存在的问题,提出一种有多个计算器同时计算的通用多通道并行CRC计算新方法,证明了该算法及相关定理,并用实例验证了算法正确性.研究不同参数下该算法软件计算的性能,并实现了高达26 Gbit/s硬件CRC计算.分析表明该算法可大幅度提高软硬件计算速度,通过合理选择有关参数能提高CRC计算性价比,在10 G以太网和40 G SDH等未来高速网络中有较大的应用价值.