肼还原法制备镍纳米粒子及其机理

在乙二醇中用肼作还原剂还原Ni2 制备镍纳米粒子。用X射线衍射仪测定出产物的相结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察产物的微观结构。根据反应现象和产物的相结构,研究温度、pH值调节剂种类和pH值对镍纳米粒子形成的影响,并推断其形成机理。研究结果表明,用肼作还原剂还原Ni2 制备纳米Ni的最佳反应温度为60℃,用NaOH作pH值调节剂调pH值到10～11得到的镍纳米粒子为体心立方结构,平均粒径为25nm。在Ni纳米粒子的形成过程中,NaOH不仅起到调节pH值的作用,还起催化作用。     

Mechanism of the interaction between Au nanoparticles and polymerase in nanoparticle PCR

Nanoparticle PCR is a novel method to optimize DNA amplification. It performs well in improving specificity, enhancing sensitivity and speed. Several mechanisms were proposed in previous studies: one was based on the interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and DNA while the other was attributed to the heat transfer property of AuNPs. In this paper, we propose that the interaction between AuNPs and DNA polymerase can significantly influence PCR. First, the addition of DNA polymerase can eliminate the inhibitory effects of excess AuNPs. Second, the addition of AuNPs will increase yield of the desired PCR product and make the optimum concentration of DNA polymerase move to higher value. Third, while excess polymerase might inhibit amplification efficiency, AuNPs can reverse this process and the yield of PCR amplification. Based on these results we propose a possible mechanism that AuNPs might modulate the activity of polymerase and improve PCR amplification.     

异型纳米AlOOH微观晶体结构

利用RTO金属包埋切片微米--纳米表征法,通过高分辨透射电镜观察了γ--AlOOH薄膜切片中的晶格点阵条纹像,分析了添加复合添加剂后异型纳米AlOOH的微观晶体结构,从原子层面揭示了由于铁离子的同晶替代以及硫酸根离子的插层而导致的晶格畸变.阐述了极性添加剂在晶须生长过程中首先形成复合的高聚体、进而定向生长的诱导机理,并指出了非极性表面活性剂对异型纳米AlOOH晶体形貌表面的修复和"美容"作用.用能谱及红外光谱佐证了复合多聚体的存在.     

次血红素六肽对纳米金诱导线虫热激损伤的保护作用

通过考察Au纳米球壳对野生型秀丽隐杆线虫的光热转换作用, 建立一种新型的秀丽线虫热激损伤模型. 实验结果表明, 在纳米金浓度为30 μmol/L, 红外光强为3 W/cm2, 照射8 min的热激条件下加入次血红素六肽对线虫有保护作用.     

Mn掺杂CuCrO2纳米粉体的室温铁磁性

利用固相反应与球磨相结合的方法,制备了(Cu_1-xMn_x)CrO₂ (0≤x≤6 at%) 和 Cu(Cr_1-yMn_y)O₂ (0≤y≤6 at%)两个系列的纳米粉体.结果表明,所有样品都具有3R-CuCrO₂铜铁矿单相结构.晶格膨胀说明Mn离子已分别固溶到(Cu_1-xMn_x)CrO₂的Cu亚晶格中和Cu(Cr_1-yMn_y)O₂的Cr亚晶格中,这在X射线光电子能谱的分析中得到了进一步的证实.B位Mn掺杂样品具有室温铁磁性,磁性源于Cr³⁺-Mn³⁺离子对间以空穴为媒介的双交换相互作用.CuMO₂(M=Cr,Mn)铜铁矿纳米粉体的饱和磁化强度比文献值高出约一个数量级,并随着Mn含量的增大而逐渐减小,主要受到3个因素的共同影响:M-M离子对数目、M-M离子间距及空穴浓度.     

CdS/ZnO核壳结构量子点的制备及其光学性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出ZnO、CdS和CdS/ZnO核壳结构量子点的前驱体,在空气气氛下高温处理后得到壳厚度为10nm左右的CdS/ZnO核壳结构.CdS/ZnO核壳结构会导致紫外吸收边产生明显的红移.与ZnO和CdS相比,核壳结构使CdS/ZnO的激发、发射光谱都产生了明显变化,并且提高了发光强度.研究发现核壳结构会使ZnO和CdS原有的能级结构发生变化.     

低碳钢中纳米尺寸碳化物的相间析出行为

采用扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜对低碳Ti-Mo系的热轧板进行了组织分析,同时对其中的纳米粒子析出行为进行了研究.强化机理分析表明析出强化对于屈服强度的贡献值可达291 MPa.随着卷取温度的降低,纳米粒子相间析出的排间距会减小,相间析出的排间距与其在铁素体中形核点位置有一定的离散值,但基本上呈一定的固定值.α/γ界面的观察和采用不同理论的计算结果表明相间析出的产生主要与α/γ界面的台阶形成有关,相间析出的排间距大小由台阶高度、晶界扩散系数、等温温度、台阶面迁移速率等决定.     

Nd掺杂ZnS催化剂的制备及其对有机染料的降解

用液相沉淀法制备不同比例Nd掺杂的ZnS纳米颗粒,用X射线衍射仪对制备的样品进行物相分析.以降解溴酚蓝为模型反应,通过吸收和光致发光光谱对其进行了发光性能的研究,讨论了影响溴酚蓝降解率的主要因素.结果表明,在100℃下老化1 h,制得的光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,该复合光催化材料可用于有机染料废水的降解处理.     

Boosting photocatalytic Suzuki coupling reaction over Pd nanoparticles by regulating Pd/MOF interfacial electron transfer

Palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling reactions are of significant importance, but they often require harsh conditions. Herein, we report an interface-regulated photocatalytic Suzuki coupling reaction over Pd nanoparticles supported on a metal-organic framework (MOF), ZIF-8. Two Pd/MOFs were synthesized, Pd_PVP/ZIF-8 and Pd/ZIF-8, which have similar Pd sizes and loading amounts, except that the former contains poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a surfactant. The diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform of CO adsorption (CO-DRIFT) indicates that Pd/ZIF-8 represents a more negative electronic state of Pd than Pd_PVP/ZIF-8. In the photocatalytic Suzuki coupling reaction between iodobenzene and phenylboronic acid, Pd/ZIF-8 exhibits excellent performance (99.1% yield), much better than that of Pd_PVP/ZIF-8 (57.9% yield). Moreover, Pd/ZIF-8 is highly stable and shows broad substrate scope for this reaction. The superior activity of Pd/ZIF-8 can be attributed to sufficient electron transfer between the MOFs and Pd nanoparticles in the absence of an interfacial surfactant. This work provides new insights into a Pd-catalyzed C-C coupling reaction involving photocatalysis and interfacial electron transfer.     

新型含氟硅丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的合成及其在棉织物上的拒水拒油性

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,在非离子/阴离子复配乳化剂体系下,以3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰的纳米二氧化硅为核,甲基丙烯酸[2,3,3,3四-氟-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3六-氟-2-(全氟丙氧基)丙氧)丙基]酯、甲基丙烯酸十八烷酯为壳功能单体,合成了新型含氟硅丙烯酸酯核壳乳液.该乳液具有良好的拒水拒油性,经其处理的棉织物对水的接触角可达到(154±2)°,对正十六烷的接触角达到(107±3)°.