锰锆镧固溶体的制备及负载铜催化剂的性能研究

采用改进的共沉淀法制备锰锆镧复合氧化物(MnxZr1-xLayO2-σ)载体,然后采用等体积浸渍法负载活性组分Cu,制得铜基锰锆镧复合氧化物(Cuλ/MnxZr1-xLayO2-σ)催化剂.考察该催化剂催化CO、C3H6和NO转化反应的三效催化性能,并且利用XRD、TG和SEM等方法研究催化剂结构与性能的关系.实验结果表明:Mn:Zr:La摩尔比为0.9:0.1:0.06,Cu负载量为5%时,制得的Cu5%/Mn0.9Zr0.1La0.06O2-σ催化剂催化CO、NO和C3H6转化反应的活性良好;Mn、Zr和La能够形成稳定的Mn-Zr-La固溶体,可以有效提高催化剂的低温活性和热稳定性,并且不出现Cu、Mn、Zr或者La物种在载体表面富集的现象;因此,Cu5%/Mn0.9Zr0.1La0.06O2-σ催化剂具有良好的性能,在该催化剂上CO、C3H6和NO的起燃温度(T50)分别为112℃,253℃,210℃,完全转化温度(T90)分别为154℃、319℃和288℃,至500℃时转化率分别高达100%、97.5%和99.3%.     

国内外海相火山岩型铜矿床研究——以日本Sunrise黑矿型矿床为例

简要概述海相火山岩型铜矿的国内外研究现状、类型,分析其产出特点、分布规律,突出该类矿床的重要性,并以日本Sunrise矿床为例进行介绍,加强对该类矿床的认识,为我国华东区海相火山岩型铜矿的探明与发现提供丰富的经验。     

黑龙江省小兴安岭北段宝山-乌拉嘎一带金矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向

黑龙江省小兴安岭北段宝山-乌拉嘎一带是我国著名的金矿产区,该区具有良好的成矿背景和找矿前景。通过对东安、高松山、平顶山、团结沟、张三沟等典型矿床地质特征、控矿因素的对比研究,总结区域成矿标志,并结合区域物探、化探、遥感特征分析下步找矿方向,为今后的整装勘查与资源潜力评价提供参考。     

污泥基磁性生物炭及其对水体中铜离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,热解制备生物炭基质,经Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺改性加载纳米级铁氧化物颗粒,得到新型磁性生物炭材料(MBC),用于水体中重金属离子吸附.利用VSM,SEM-EDS,XRD,FTIR等综合分析磁性生物炭材料的物理化学特性,结果表明:生物炭基质表面加载磁性γ-Fe₂O₃颗粒,分布均匀,其饱和磁化强度达13.53Am²/kg.磁性生物炭投加量1.25g/L、吸附时间24h、水体pH为5.0时,Cu²⁺吸附量为67.68mg/g,较生物炭基质吸附量增加60.08%.磁性生物炭吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线、准二级吸附动力学模型.污泥基磁性生物炭吸附效果显著,兼具便于从水体中分离的优势,可实现“以废治废”的环保目标.     

Characterization and photoluminescence properties of ultrafine copper molybdate (α-CuMoO4) powders prepared via a combustion-like process

We report a simple method for preparing copper(II) molybdate (CuMoO₄) powders via a combustion-like process. A gel was first prepared by the polymerizable complex method, where citric acid was used as a complexing and polymerizing agent and nitric acid was used as an oxidizing agent. The thermal decomposition behavior of the (CuMo)-precursor gel was studied by thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We observed that the crystallization of CuMoO₄ powder was completed at 450°C. The obtained homogeneous powder was composed of grains with sizes in the range from 150 to 500 nm and exhibited a specific surface area of approximately 5 m2/g. The average grain size increased with increasing annealing temperature. The as-prepared CuMoO₄ crystals showed a strong green photoluminescence emission at room temperature under excitation at 290 nm, which we mainly interpreted on the basis of the Jahn-Teller effect on [MoO₄2- ] complex anions. We also observed that the photoluminescence intensity increased with increasing crystallite size.     

Enrichment of copper and recycling of cyanide from copper–cyanide waste by solvent extraction

The enrichment of copper from copper–cyanide wastewater by solvent extraction was investigated using a quaternary ammonium salt as an extractant. The influences of important parameters, e.g., organic-phase components, aqueous pH values, temperature, inorganic anion impurities, CN/Cu molar ratio, and stripping reagents, were examined systematically, and the optimal conditions were determined. The results indicated that copper was effectively concentrated from low-concentration solutions using Aliquat 336 and that the extraction efficiency increased linearly with increasing temperature. The aqueous pH value and concentrations of inorganic anion impurities only weakly affected the extraction process when varied in appropriate ranges. The CN/Cu molar ratio affected the extraction efficiency by changing the distribution of copper–cyanide complexes. The difference in gold leaching efficiency between using raffinate and fresh water was negligible.     

Inhibition of acid mine drainage and immobilization of heavy metals from copper flotation tailings using a marble cutting waste

Acid mine drainage (AMD) with high concentrations of sulfates and metals is generated by the oxidation of sulfide bearing wastes. CaCO₃-rich marble cutting waste is a residual material produced by the cutting and polishing of marble stone. In this study, the feasibility of using the marble cutting waste as an acid-neutralizing agent to inhibit AMD and immobilize heavy metals from copper flotation tailings (sulfide- bearing wastes) was investigated. Continuous-stirring shake-flask tests were conducted for 40 d, and the pH value, sulfate content, and dissolved metal content of the leachate were analyzed every 10 d to determine the effectiveness of the marble cutting waste as an acid neutralizer. For comparison, CaCO₃ was also used as a neutralizing agent. The average pH value of the leachate was 2.1 at the beginning of the experiment (t = 0). In the experiment employing the marble cutting waste, the pH value of the leachate changed from 6.5 to 7.8, and the sulfate and iron concentrations decreased from 4558 to 838 mg/L and from 536 to 0.01 mg/L, respectively, after 40 d. The marble cutting waste also removed more than 80wt% of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) from AMD generated by copper flotation tailings.     

Effect of sintering on the relative density of Cr-coated diamond/Cu composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Cr-coated diamond/Cu composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The effects of sintering pressure, sintering temperature, sintering duration, and Cu powder particle size on the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the properties and microstructures of the composites was also discussed. The results show that the relative density of Cr-coated diamond/Cu reaches ~100% when the composite is gradually compressed to 30 MPa during the heating process. The densification temperature increases from 880 to 915℃ when the diamond content is increased from 45vol% to 60vol%. The densification temperature does not increase further when the content reaches 65vol%. Cu powder particles in larger size are beneficial for increasing the relative density of the composite.     

锡林浩特石灰窑花岗岩型铷多金属矿床中铷矿石选矿实验研究

铷金属是非常重要的稀有金属之一,不仅在军事工业和科学技术领域,而且在民用领域有着广泛的用途.随着我国国民经济高速增长,对铷矿产品需求不断加大.我国最近在内蒙古锡林浩特石灰窑地区发现一大型花岗岩型铷多金属矿床,其初步探明的铷总金属量超过8.7×10~5t,Rb_2O平均品位0.163%.矿石中铷主要赋存于云母类矿物和微斜长石中.由于长石中的铷很难提取,为高效回收该铷矿资源,本研究采用富集云母类矿物的方式进行了铷回收实验研究.结果表明,矿石在浮选探索实验中,随着混合胺用量或水玻璃的增加,铷粗精矿的回收率逐渐提高,当混合胺超过150 g/t或者水玻璃超过1 200 g/t后,回收率增幅较小,确定混合胺用量以150 g/t或水玻璃用量以1 200 g/t为宜,最终可取得Rb_2O品位1.59%,回收率约为62.92%的铷精矿.实验指标较好,可实现铷的高效回收.     

喷油器喷孔积碳对柴油机燃烧特性影响研究

使用光学电子显微镜,对比分析了新喷油器和积碳喷油器的喷孔形貌。图像表明:喷油器喷孔积碳后,喷孔出口有明显的不规则积碳,喷孔圆度发生变化,喷孔结构改变;喷孔内部粗糙度增大,有少量不规则积碳。利用单缸柴油机试验台架,分别使用新喷油器和积碳喷油器进行了外特性燃烧试验,分析了燃烧特性的变化规律。试验结果表明:喷油器喷孔积碳后,柴油机功率、扭矩下降,小时油耗、燃油消耗率增大,发动机动力性、经济性下降;由于积碳影响雾化质量,导致燃烧状况变差,缸内压力有所下降,同时造成滞燃期增长,预混合燃烧阶段放热量增多,压升率与放热率峰值明显增大,燃烧过程粗暴,排气温度升高。