二卤代烷烃与甲酸甲酯的光促进羰基化反应

在光促进温和条件下,以甲酸甲酯为C1源,研究了非贵金属钴盐、铜盐催化二卤代烷烃(1,6-二溴己烷和1-氯-6-溴己烷)的羰基化反应。实验表明,1,6-二溴己烷和1-氯-6-溴己烷都是发生单羰基化反应,而且是C-Br键发生反应,分别得到的卤代羧酸甲酯为Br(CH2)6CO2CH3和Cl(CH2)6CO2CH3。     

Severely deformed copper by equal channel angular pressing

Mechanical and microstructural analysis of equal channel angular pressed copper was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the hardness distribution uniformity was rapidly decreased after the first pass and gradually improved at the following passes. Also, the bottom region of the pressed material experienced lower Vickers hardness magnitude irrespective of pass number. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1% magnesium to the pure copper had a considerable effect on the distribution uniformity. In addition, the material fracture mode changed from ductile to brittle by the alteration of the dimples to cleavage planes mechanism. Moreover, the formability index was dramatically reduced after the first pass and slowly improved at the succeeding passes. Eventually, ECAP process led to the increment of low angle grain boundaries and the decrease of high angle grain boundaries at the initial passes and vice versa at the subsequent ones.     

焦炭在碱金属负荷条件下对炉料熔滴性能的影响

通过模拟炼铁高炉内炉料的熔滴过程,研究了焦炭在不同碱金属负荷下对熔滴过程的影响.对不同碱金属负荷与炉料的最大压差Δpmax和熔滴总特性值S的关系进行了分析.研究发现焦炭影响炉料熔滴性能主要是由于碱金属对其熔损反应的催化作用造成的.由扫描电镜观察到熔滴反应后的焦炭形貌可知,随着碱金属负荷的增加,其表面的气孔增多,气孔变大,焦炭表面被侵蚀得越来越严重,最终焦炭强度下降,甚至崩裂,最终影响到炉料的熔滴性能,使Δpmax,S值指标变差.     

次生硫化铜矿微生物浸出实验

微生物浸矿是提取低品位,难选次生硫化铜矿中有价元素的最有效方法之一.本研究利用嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans)浸取福建某难选次生硫化铜矿,依次开展浸矿菌富集培养实验、驯化转代实验和不同粒径配比下柱浸试验,获得了不同阶段的细菌浓度、pH值、铜浸出率等演变规律;并结合电子计算机断层扫描技术实现了柱内矿堆塌落、截面孔隙演化和浸矿机理研究.研究表明:细菌浓度和pH值均呈现缓慢增加后趋降低的趋势,浸柱中细菌增殖较慢,浸矿480 h后,细菌浓度仅为每毫升5×107个.浸矿过程中,细颗粒趋于向柱底迁移,矿堆出现塌落;柱顶孔隙率变大,增幅为6.65%,柱底孔隙率变小,降幅为8.29%;塌落程度与细粒含量成正比,最小塌落为1.7 mm,最大塌落为6.15 mm.入堆矿石粒径极大影响着柱浸体系的浸出效果.实验中柱浸B组(粒径r<1 mm占28.41%)浸矿效果最佳,浸矿480 h后铜浸出率达47.23%.     

Li6.75La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12增强的Cu基微振动敏感型高阻尼复合材料的制备和阻尼性能研究

基于Li_(6.75)La_3Zr_(1.75)Nb_(0.25)O_(12)(LLZNO)陶瓷材料的近室温高阻尼特性并与金属Cu复合,设计和制备了高阻尼LLZNO/Cu复合材料,并采用多功能内耗仪和显微硬度测量仪对复合材料的阻尼性能和力学性能进行了评价.研究结果表明:与相同制备工艺的纯Cu基体材料相比,LLZNO/Cu复合材料的阻尼性能和硬度值均有显著提高,其中,陶瓷颗粒质量分数为30%的LLZNO/Cu复合材料的阻尼峰值高达0.050,比纯Cu阻尼值提高近25倍,硬度值也从纯Cu试样的59MPa提高到近91MPa.进一步的阻尼-振幅依赖性测试表明,即使应变振幅降低到10×10~(-6),LLZNO/Cu复合材料的阻尼性能也基本保持不变,表现出典型的微振动敏感特性,其机制起因于应力作用下LLZNO陶瓷内高浓度Li离子迁移扩散诱导的能量耗散.     

纳米片层结构石墨相氮化碳的光催化活性及循环利用

以尿素为初始原料,用高温热解方法制备纳米片层结构的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,用罗丹明对样品的光催化性能与循环催化性能进行测试.结果表明,g-C_3N_4纳米片具有较高的光催化活性及循环催化性能.     

ZnWO4纳米微粒高效催化合成5-苯基-1H-四氮唑

通过简单的溶剂热法成功合成ZnWO4纳米微粒催化剂,将其用于催化环加成制备5-苯基-1H-四氮唑的反应.实验结果表明,0.2mmol的ZnWO4纳米微粒110℃催化反应10h,合成产物的产率达到81%;而非晶态、纳米棒ZnWO4作为催化剂的产率分别为43%和65%.显然,ZnWO4纳米微粒表现出了优越的催化性能.这可能归因于ZnWO4纳米微粒的小尺寸和高分散性,导致其具有比较大的比表面积.另外,纳米微粒ZnWO4的表面酸性在催化过程中也起着重要的作用.     

Zinc,copper and selenium in reproduction

Of the nine biological trace elements, zinc, copper and selenium are important in reproduction in males and females. Zinc content is high in the adult testis, and the prostate has a higher concentration of zinc than any other organ of the body. Zinc deficiency first impairs angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and this in turn leads to depletion of testosterone and inhibition of spermatogenesis. Defects in spermatozoa are frequently observed in the zinc-deficient rat. Zinc is thought to help to extend the functional life span of the ejaculated spermatozoa. Zinc deficiency in the female can lead to such problems as impaired synthesis/secretion-of (FSH) and (LH), abnormal ovarian development, disruption of the estrous cycle, frequent abortion, a prolonged gestation period, teratogenicity, still-births, difficulty in parturition, pre-eclampsia, toxemia and low birth weights of infants. The level of testosterone in the male has been suggested to play a role in the severity of copper deficiency. Copper-deficient female rats are protected against mortality due to copper deficiency, and the protection has been suggested to be provided by estrogens, since estrogens alter the subcellular distribution of copper in the liver and increase plasma copper levels by inducing ceruloplasmin synthesis. The selenium content of male gonads increases during pubertal maturation. Selenium is localized in the mitochondrial capsule protein (MCP) of the midpiece. Maximal incorporation in MCP occurs at steps 7 and 12 of spermatogenesis and uptake dereases by step 15. Selenium deficiency in females results in infertility, abortions and retention of the placenta. The newborns from a selenium-deficient mother suffer from muscular weakness, but the concentration of selenium during pregnancy does not have any effect on the weight of the baby or length of pregnancy. The selenium requirements of a pregnant and lactating mother are increased as a result of selenium transport to the fetus via the placenta and to the infant via breast milk.     

La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型贮氢合金表面包覆铜及其电化学性能

以A2B7型贮氢合金La1.5Mg0.5Ni7为研究对象,研究未包覆和表面包覆Cu以及对包覆铜的贮氢合金进行再包覆Ni、Co处理的合金电极电化学性能.实验结果表明,表面包覆Cu和Cu-Ni后的贮氢合金电极循环稳定性有所提高,而包覆Cu-Co的合金电极稳定性较差,但电极容量有所提高.线性极化扫描和电化学阻抗图谱分析结果表明,包覆Cu、Cu-Co及Cu-Ni处理改善合金电极的交换电流密度I0,降低电化学阻抗,说明包覆处理改善合金表面的电催化活性,加快合金表面电荷的迁移速率,从而提高高倍率放电能力.     

纳米压痕过程温度影响的分子动力学研究

建立了基于AFM的单晶铜薄膜纳米压痕过程的三维分子动力学模型,采用Morse势函数计算试件原子与压头原子之间,试件原子之间的相互作用关系.研究了不同温度的纳米压痕过翟中试件变形区域大小、系统能量变化.结果显示单晶铜薄膜的纳米压痕的力学机理是非晶态产生的变形.温度对纳米压痕过程有显著的影响.压痕过程中试件材料变形区域面积随着温度的增高而增加.不同温度下的系统势能-步长曲线的变化趋势基本相同,但是系统势能值随着温度的增加而减小.