热湿环境工位辐射空调加桌面风扇热舒适实验研究

为了研究热湿环境中工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式下的人体热舒适情况,采用环境测量和主观问卷相结合的方式,在环境背景温度分别为26℃,28℃和30℃(相对湿度80%)的人工环境实验室内测试了24名受试者的整体热感觉、热舒适、热可接受度和热期望.结果表明,热湿环境中,工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式能显著改善处于热湿环境中的受试者的热舒适情况,但在26℃时,其效果并不明显.虽然背景环境参数超出了舒适范围,在工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式下,受试者的热感觉随着时间的增加逐渐趋于中性,且室内环境温度达到30℃(相对湿度80%)时,仍有超过80%受试者表示可接受其所处环境.因此,工位辐射空调加桌面风扇的供冷方式有效地扩展了夏季室内舒适温度范围.工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式的研究为非中性环境中维持人体热舒适和降低建筑能耗提供了新的途径.     

离心泵闭式叶轮流场模拟研究

为了求解叶轮流场模拟中的相对流体速度,选取二叶叶轮为研究对象,基于NX软件对所选二叶叶轮进行三维建模,从而得到二叶叶轮流场部分的三维模型,并确定二叶叶轮的性能参数。基于Gambit软件对二叶叶轮流体部分进行网格划分,将划分后的流体部分导入到Fluent软件中进行流场模拟,得到流体的绝对速度矢量图,并通过PIV实验得到流体的绝对速度矢量图。基于Matlab软件对流体部分进行编程,将程序以文本的格式代入Tecplot软件中得到流体部分的相对速度。     

穿水冷却对GCr15轴承钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过4种穿水冷却工艺生产20mm热轧GCr15轴承钢棒材,研究了穿水冷却对热轧及球化退火、淬回火热处理后轴承钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:终轧前后均采用穿水冷却,控制终轧温度在800~860℃,上冷床返红温度为620℃,能明显降低先共析碳化物及珠光体相变温度,减小热轧轴承钢中先共析碳化物厚度、连续度及珠光体片层、球团大小.退火及回火组织中碳化物厚度减小,均匀性增加,防止了粗大未溶网状碳化物的遗传.热轧及热处理后轴承钢抗拉强度及面缩率均增强.     

冷轧变形对镀镍钢带腐蚀性能的影响

研究了冷轧变形对镀镍钢带耐腐蚀性能的影响.利用电化学方法表征镍镀层的腐蚀行为,金相显微镜观察表面形貌,XRD法确定不同轧制变形量镍镀层中的残余应力.结果表明:2%~4%冷轧变形可以改进镀镍钢带的腐蚀性能,而变形量超过4%会降低其性能.     

冷连轧机带钢单锥度辊边降控制

针对冷连轧机带钢边降板形控制问题,研究了单锥度工作辊的辊形构成、特点和控制策略,建立有限元模型对比分析了单锥度、常规凸度和SmartCrown工作辊板形控制性能,并结合大型工业轧机调试实验分析了该板形控制新技术在实际生产中的使用情况.结果表明,应用单锥度辊可以有效降低带钢边降,减小带钢总凸度.     

基于路面变形速度的弯沉测量方法

摘要： 为了实现在正常交通速度20~80 km/h下的连续弯沉测量,提出了采用测量路面变形速度反演弯沉的方法.研究利用激光多普勒测振仪测量路面在标准载荷作用下的路面变形速度的方法和路面变形速度提取算法,结合弹性地基上的欧拉 伯努利梁理论,推导弯沉盆曲线的两参数方程,采用牛顿迭代法利用路面变形速度反演路面弯沉.基于此方法设计的原型设备已在新疆、陕西、甘肃、天津、湖北等省市进行了近8×104 km的路测实验.结果显示,数据自重复性达到95%以上;与贝克曼梁测量数据对比,数据相关性达到90%以上.该方法一次测量只需要一次采样,测量与路面曲率无关,相对于传统测量方法,其适合于高速、无损测量.实验证明,该方法能满足路网级、逐车道的路面弯沉连续、无损、高密度、高速度测量的要求,具有广阔的使用推广价值.
关键词： 路面; 弯沉测量; 变形速度; 弹性地基梁
中图分类号： U 418.4+3,TP 23,TP 319文献标志码： A     

冰雪路面城市快速路跟驰模型研究

针对冰雪路面城市快速路的跟驰模型进行了研究。首先对两种常见的冰雪路面进行了交通调查。根据调查结果对不同冰雪路面城市快速路交通流的自由流速度、平均速度、速度分布,相邻跟驰车辆的车头时距、车头时距与相对速度的相互关系等微观特性进行统计分析,定量地研究不同冰雪路面形态对城市快速路跟驰行为的影响。其次,对不同类型的优化速度函数特征进行对比分析,依据Greenshields速度-密度关系建立期望车速模型,依据车辆不同跟驰状态建立冰雪路面最小安全距离模型,并由此构建冰雪路面优化速度模型。基于现有跟驰理论研究成果,以线性跟驰模型建模思想对全速度差模型进行改造,结合冰雪路面优化速度模型构建适用于冰雪路面的新跟驰模型。最后,利用实测数据对模型参数进行标定,并通过设计实验分析模型的稳定性、加速度非对称性。同时,利用调查数据对新模型和全速度差模型进行模拟分析,结果证明该模型更贴近冰雪路面城市快速路实际交通流,可以为冰雪路面下交通管理措施的制定提供理论支持。     

微网中两种典型微型燃气轮机运行特性比较

为给微网中基于微型燃气轮机的冷热电联产设备选型提供参考,从多方面分析了两种不同结构的微型燃气轮机特点,并根据微型燃气轮机不同运行模式切换、不同负荷类型以及不同拓扑结构下的动态特性进行了研究．结果表明：微网运行模式切换过程中,单轴MT允许负荷变化的范围要比分轴MT大;单轴结构MT适用于负荷类型较多情况,而分轴结构的MT则受负荷类型影响相对大些;串联微网结构下MT对应的负荷允许变化范围比并联结构的小．     

Solar-driven high temperature radiant cooling

Solar energy is widely used as one of the most important renewable energy. In addition to the growing applications of solar PV and solar water heater, solar cooling is also considered very valuable and the related researches are developing fast because of the synchronism between solar irradiance and building cooling load. Current studies mainly focus on the high temperature solar collector technique and heat-driven cooling technique, while little concern has been paid to the transport process of cooling power. In this paper, the high temperature radiant cooling is studied as an alternative way for transporting cooling power, and the performance of the combination of radiant ceiling and solar cooling is also studied. From simulation and theoretical analysis results, high temperature radiant cooling terminal shows better cooling power transportation ability against conventional air-conditioning terminal, and its thermal comfort is improved. Experiment results indicate that radiant cooling can enhance the chiller’s COP (Coefficient of Performance) by 17% and cooling power regeneration by 50%. According to analysis in this paper, high temperature radiant cooling is proved to be suitable for solar cooling system, and out work can serve as a reference for later system design and promotion. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50876064)     

Effect of different atmospheres on dry friction behavior of steel sliding against brass at high speed

The atmosphere components have an influence on tribological behaviors of tribo-pairs. Through changing the atmosphere component, the effect of atmosphere component on the tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass at high sliding velocity was investigated. The wear test was carried out on a high-speed friction and wear test rig whose test atmosphere could be controlled. The tests were performed at four sliding velocities （30, 40, 50, 60 m/s）, one contact pressure （1.33 MPa） and two atmosphere components （N2 or O2）. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of various pins were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The chemical compositions of the surfaces and subsurfaces for steels were determined with an energy dispersion spectroscopy. The results showed that the wear rate of the steel pins were low all the time with the sliding velocity increasing in oxygen atmosphere, and that the wear rate of the steel pin in nitrogen atmosphere was higher than that of the steel pin in oxygen atmosphere. It was found that the thin and compact oxidation layer formed on the worn surface of the steel in oxygen atmosphere played a key role in wear resistance. However, the wear rate of the steel pin increased rapidly with the sliding velocity increasing in nitrogen atmosphere, which was attributed to the thick and loose surface layer formed on the worn surface of the steel.