Supply chain contagion of perk consumption: Who is more likely to be corrupted?

The contagion of interfirm behaviours along the supply chain has become a significant issue for both supply chain management and the internal governance of firms within the supply chain. By means of panel data of 1893 mated supply chain pairs collected from Chinese listed firms, we examine the supply chain contagion effect of corruption-related perk consumption by investigating whether firms’ perk consumption is influenced by their supply chain peers. We find a unilateral contagion effect of corrupt perk consumption along the supply chain, i.e., only from suppliers to customers. We suggest that suppliers exert this unilateral contagion effect by influencing customers’ managerial culture and the close business relationship between them. In addition, the unilateral contagion effect would be weakened when customers have a high level of employee salary.     

成本差异条件下的自有品牌定位策略与渠道效应

自有品牌质量定位是自有品牌成功的关键因素,本文在考虑自有品牌相对制造商品牌成本差异的条件下,探讨不同质量定位的自有品牌引入策略及其渠道效应.研究表明:当低质量制造商品牌的批发价格足够高时,适合引入廉价自有品牌;当高质量制造商品牌的批发价格足够高时,适合引入溢价自有品牌.无论引入何种自有品牌,不同制造商品牌的批发价格和零售价格均下降,但下降程度会随着自有品牌相对成本优势下降而减少;引入廉价自有品牌时,制造商品牌批发价格和零售价格的下降程度均会随着自有品牌质量提高而增加;引入溢价自有品牌时,制造商品牌批发价格和零售价格的下降程度均会随着自有品牌质量提高而减少.无论引入何种自有品牌,制造商品牌的利润均会下降,但其下降幅度会随着自有品牌相对成本优势下降而降低;无论引入何种自有品牌,零售商利润均会提升,引入廉价自有品牌和溢价自有品牌,其提升幅度会随着自有品牌相对成本优势下降或自有品牌质量的增加而增加;在三类自有品牌中,引入溢价自有品牌对零售商利润的提升更显著.更为重要的是,无论引入何种质量的自有品牌,渠道的整体利润均会增加.     

中原文化海外传播现状及对策——以老子文化为例

中原文化的代表之一老子文化有多元性、涉身性和和谐性等特点,而且随着时代的发展需要重新定位。以传播学的视角透视老子文化传播现状,并提出相关对策对于中原文化的发展以及中原经济区建设有极强的推动作用。     

中国技术进步偏向性的省际扩散效应:1996-2015

本文通过构建理论模型,在发达经济体的要素增强型技术向欠发达经济体进行扩散的假设下,发现技术进步偏向性也会呈现出从发达经济体向欠发达经济体扩散的现象.文章利用中国30个省区的相关数据,测算了不同地区的技术进步方向指数,并进一步利用该指数考察各省区技术进步偏向性与北京,上海,广东这三个经济发达省区技术进步方向的关系.研究发现,北京,上海的技术进步方向对其他各省区的技术进步偏向性存在显著的同向影响关系,而广东的影响并不显著.进一步的研究还发现,中国存在着资本增强型技术和劳动增强型技术从北京,上海向其他各省区的扩散效应,这也从实证上验证了理论模型中的假设,一定程度地揭示了技术进步方向存在扩散效应的机制.     

Dust direct radiative effects on the earth-atmosphere system over east Asia: Early spring cooling and late spring warming

Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001,we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle on dust direct radiative effects over China desert regions and the North Pacific,using actual daily solar altitude angles.Increasing solar altitude angle from early spring (or winter) to late spring (or summer) leads to increase of positive clear sky radiative forcing,and decrease of negative radiative forcing due to dust aerosols at the top of the atmosphere.Because solar altitude angle increases from early to late spring,dust-clear sky radiative forcing may change from negative to positive at the top of atmosphere,showing a change from cooling to heating of the earth-atmosphere system over high-albedo deserts and nearby regions.Over low-albedo ocean negative clear sky radiative forcing by dust may decrease,suggesting a change from strong to weak cooling on the earth-atmosphere system.The impacts of solar altitude angle on cloudy sky radiative forcing due to dust are similar to those of clear sky.Impacts of low cloud on dust radiative forcing are the same as increasing surface albedo.This causes the transition of dust cooling effects into heating effects over deserts to occur earlier,and causes decrease of negative radiative forcing over the ocean and even cause a change from weak negative radiative forcing to weak positive forcing over local areas.Even in the same East Asian desert regions and nearby areas,the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude angle.The nearer to early spring (or winter) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to negative radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,which indicates cooling effects on the earth-atmosphere system.In contrast,the nearer to late spring (or summer) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to positive radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,showing heating effects.Over East Asian deserts and nearby regions,dust layers may be regarded as cooling sources in early spring (winter) and warming sources in late spring (summer).     

减光子压缩真空态的构造及其压缩效应

利用算符+-1作用于压缩真空态构造一类新的量子态:减光子压缩真空态.在所构造的量子态中,其正交分量的压缩特性与算符作用次数有关,量子态的两个正交分量在算符+-1仅作用于压缩真空态一次以及偶数次的情形下分别在不同的压缩参数的取值区间内产生压缩,并且压缩效应随算符作用次数的增加而减弱.     

Coupling of thermocapillary convection and evaporation effect in a liquid layer when the evaporating interface is open to air

The coupling mechanism of thermocapillary convection and evaporation effect in evaporating liquids was studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out to study a thin evaporating liquid layer in a rectangular test cell when the upper surface was open to air. By altering the imposed horizontal temperature differences and heights of liquid layers, the average evaporating rate and interfacial temperature profiles were measured. The flow fields were also visualized by PIV method. For comparison, the ex...     

DC-DC变换器时变效应的建模与时频域仿真

定量研究DC-DC变换器的时变效应,建立小信号模型,首次将电流环时域响应表示为内部参数(变换器开关频率、稳态占空比)和外部参数(正弦激励的频率、幅值、相位)的显函数,且具有封闭形式。Matlab时域仿真及误差统计结果证明了该模型的精确性。据此进行傅立叶分析,解析简化与数值仿真相结合,求得响应频谱,探讨内、外部参数对其谐波分布和幅值的影响,揭示了时变效应的频域本质,其有效性得到PSpice电路仿真的验证。     

基于数据挖掘的人类活动影响下水文效应研究

首先通过对流域下垫面变化、水利工程运行情况的分析,得到人类活动对流域水循环影响的变点,并采用降雨径流趋势分析的方法对其进行验证;然后着重利用数据挖掘的方法分析变点后人类活动影响下的水文效应;最后以丰满水库流域为例,建立了基于数据挖掘方法中决策树模型的水库拦洪比推理模式,经检验,该推理模式精度较高,应用该模式对流域场次洪水洪量预报修正的效果较好,其结果可以用于指导实际洪水预报与水库调度.     

基于多次压电效应的自感知执行器研究

针对多次压电效应在同一压电体上双向可逆的特点,进行了多次压电效应实现压电执行器位移自感知的理论分析,由此阐明了压电体中多次逆与多次正效应的一一对应关系,以及介电电位移与多次正压电电位移分离的可行性.通过引入参考电容,采取电流积分与差分比例运算电路相结合的方式,得到一种较电桥电路解耦更易于在工程实际应用的方法.采用PZT-5叠堆执行器进行实验,验证了该解耦方法的正确性,同时得出了PZT-5叠堆二次正压电效应的线性系数,并进一步分析了三次压电效应对自感知执行器的分辨力和精度的影响,为压电自感知执行器性能的改善提供了一条新途径.