护环成型技术及质量控制的新进展

回顾了近年来在发电机护环各制造环节研究中所取得的主要成果,简要介绍了原材料冶炼、热成形制坯、强化性能三个关键工序攻关中取得的最新进展.针对当前生产中的难题和沿用工艺的缺点,开发的电渣熔铸坯料、包套冲挤(扩挤)热成形制坯新技术,能够解决热锻开裂、变形不均匀的难题,并可缩短工艺流程,提高产品质量与生产效益.研究的内增压或外增压液压胀形强化新方法,可以提高工艺过程的可控制性,并能扩大液压胀形的应用范围.     

宪法理论基础简论

宪法理论基础是宪法理论和实践的基本理念。近代人民在革命斗争中，认识到国家权力最容易侵犯人的权利，因此人们用宪法严格限制国家权力。但随着社会的发展，社会需要国家干预，人的积极性权利也需要国家创造条件，国家权力迅速膨胀。传统严格限权模式不再适用社会需要，现代社会既需要授予国家权力，又需要控制国家权力。     

Calcium release from frog sarcoplasmic reticulum by an imidazolyl reagent

Summary Calcium is released from the isolated heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of frog skeletal muscle upon application of 0.1–1 mM diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP, an imidazolyl reagent). The Ca-ATPase activity of SR was suppressed by 20% in the presence of 1 mM DEP. More than 1 mM of free magnesium ion or 5 M ruthenium red eliminated the effect of DEP on calcium release but not on Ca-ATPase activity. A plausible site of DEP action is on the calcium channel.     

The effect of ethanol on the biosynthesis and regulation of opioid peptides

Summary Alcoholism and alcohol abuse are serious health problems. Alcohol is known to influence the activity of a number of biological systems, for example the hormonal and neuronal systems. One of the biological systems whose activity is greatly influenced by alcohol is the endogenous opiate system. Alcohol modifies the function of both opiate receptors and opioid peptides. In fact it has been proposed that many of the effects of ethanol are mediated by its effects on the endogenous opiate system. This review will present results from various laboratories on the effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatments on various species, and on the release, biosynthesis and post-translational processing of the endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins, the three known families of endogenous opioid peptides. Furthermore, the effect of acute and chronic ethanol consumption on the -endorphin system in man, and the possible implications of the functional activity of the endogenous opiate system for the genetic predisposition to alcoholism will be discussed.     

Determination of diel periodicity of sex pheromone release in three species of Lepidoptera by ‘closed-loop-stripping’

Summary By means of closed-loop-stripping and subsequent GC analyses the diel periodicity of release of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, the main constituents of the respective sex pheromone blends ofMamestra brassicae, Cryptophlebia leucotreta andSpodoptera sunia females, was determined.Pheromones, 64. For the 63rd contribution we have taken from: Szöcs, G., Toth, M., Bestmann, H. J., Vostrowsky, O., Heath, R. R., and Tumlinson, J. H., Z. Naturforsch.42c (1987) 165; Pheromones, 62: Bestmann et al.¹³.     

Determination of certain physical and chemical characteristics of the activating serum factor from preparturient women and women with habitual abortions

Summary Follow-up investigation of the blood sera from preparturient women and women with habitual, abortions showed the presence of a factor which has an activating effect on smooth muscle preparations because it causes the release of prostaglandins. Gel-chromatographic counter flow separation and microelectrophoresis of the blood sera have shown that the isolated serum factor is a water soluble glycopeptide with a molecular weight of about 2000.     

Juvenile hormone titre and regulation in the cockroachDiploptera punctata

Summary Titres of juvenile hormone (JH) have been determined in both hemolymph and whole body extracts of femaleDiploptera punctata during the first gonotrophic cycle using a method employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis. JH III is the sole JH found in both adult and last instarD. punctata. Maximum values of 1500 ng/ml (6M) were observed at the middle of the gonotrophic cycle, when basal oocyte growth rate was greatest. Changes in rates of JH release in vitro by corpora allata paralleled closely the changes in JH titre, suggesting that biosynthesis is a major regulator of titre. JH levels per animal were calculated from observed JH titres, and at certain time points in the gonotrophic cycle JH levels obtained from analysis of whole bodies were significantly greater than those predicted from hemolymph titres. These results suggest the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool inD. punctata. Decay in JH titre after allatectomy of 5 day females has also been studied. Following a rapid initial decline, the rate of decay slowed appreciably 4 h post-operation. Thus, use of a first-order rate constant to estimate half-life of JH significantly underestimated the longevity of the hormone. The apparent persistence of JH following allatectomy may be due to the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool.     

In vitro mutagenicity testing of a potent,new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator

Summary Bacterial mutagenicity assay to detect potential chronic toxicity of a potent, new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator (CGA-112913 or IKI-7899, formerly UC-62644) was conducted using 5 histidine auxotrophs ofSalmonella typhimurium. Tests within the concentration range of 0.9–500 g (saturating)/plate of the compound with and without the 5–9 mammalian metabolic activation system showed no mutagenic effects clearing the way for long-term chronic toxicology studies.The authors thank Professor Bruce N. Ames for supplying the tester strains together with all the relevant information for conducting the bioassays and Ms. Norma Charlebois for her meticulous technical assistance.     

Effects of a new cholecystokinin antagonist (GE 410) on the smooth muscle of the guinea pig ileum

Summary Suc-Tyr-(SE)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp--phenethylamide (GE 410) competitively antagonized the contractions of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig ileum (pA₂=7.6, n=0.95) induced by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8). GE 410 inhibited the electrically-induced cholinergically mediated contractile responses and the [³H]ACh release in the ileum, as well as the CCK-stimulated electrical contractile responses and the [³H]ACh release in the cholinergic nerve terminals. The results suggest the existence of CCK-receptors not only in the smooth muscles but also on the neurons.     

数控机床实时误差补偿技术及其应用

以某厂一台数控双主轴车床为研究对象,根据齐次坐标转换原理,给出了该机床的几何误差和热误差的综合数学模型．对于不同的热误差因子,给出了不同的热误差数学模型,通过计算机分析合成误差曲线的斜率,分离了热误差和几何误差．补偿系统主要由微机结合机床控制器构成．由机床的温度信号和工作台运动位置信号结合综合误差数学模型,通过微机算出补偿值并送入机床控制器对刀架进行附加进给运动完成实时补偿．补偿试验表明,工件之间的尺寸变化可从原来的６０μｍ以上降到１４μｍ;工件的锥度变化从５０μｍ／ｃｍ以上降到１５μｍ／ｃｍ,大幅度提高了机床的加工精度,满足了工厂的实际生产需要．