温度和气氛对锰稳定氧化锆立方相稳定性的影响

研究了采用传统的固相反应法制备具有单一立方相结构的锰稳定氧化锆陶瓷,并对影响锰稳定立方氧化锆稳定性的温度和气氛进行了分析.结果表明：当锰的掺杂量（原子分数）为20%时,氧化锆为单一立方相结构.对于具有立方相结构的氧化锆固溶体的相稳定研究发现,在1 000℃以上的高氧分压条件下,立方相易发生向单斜相相变;在1 000℃低氧分压的条件下,立方相结构相对稳定;在温度低于800℃条件下,无论氧分压的高低,立方相均能稳定存在,只是在高分压氧下伴随立方相晶格常数的减小及Mn元素价态的变化.     

电磁出钢装置中座砖内温度分布的分析

针对钢包电磁引流技术中,钢包不是固定装置,现场流动性比较强,无法对感应线圈进行连续冷却这一技术难点.提出了将座砖做成内外组合式,把感应线圈镶嵌到内部座砖里,然后在线圈的顶端和内侧添加高温隔热材料,来减少热量向线圈传递,防止没有水冷时线圈因温度过高而失去工作能力.在实验室条件下,对座砖内温度分布进行了测试,并以此为不同材质的隔热板隔热性能的高温实验做出指导,结果表明：通过添加40mm厚蛭石隔热板后,当高温面温度达到1 000℃,而低温面温度为294℃,低于铜的再结晶温度,线圈处于能够工作温度范围内.     

中厚板控制冷却系统中的实测温度处理方法

以中厚板轧后冷却过程控制系统的实测温度处理方法为研究对象,建立具有一定容错性的实测温度滤波处理方法,消除跟踪误差、测量误差等对模型计算精度的影响.在此基础上,利用最小二乘法对实测温度进行曲线拟合,控制模型以拟合结果作为衡量钢板纵向冷却均匀性判据,并进行相应的冷却规程设定和自学习计算.建立钢板纵向分样本控制的温度处理方法,利用线性插值计算获得钢板纵向各个样本的温度值,从而满足系统进行终冷温度和冷却速度高精度控制的需要.     

饱和黏土的一维热固结特性试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了饱和黏土在不同温度作用下的固结效应.结果表明:温度对土颗粒的膨胀作用和孔隙比的收缩作用影响较小;高温作用下发生的热膨胀在一定程度上阻碍了变形的发生,高温条件下压缩指数较低温条件下有减小的趋势.但渗透性的增强使得该现象逐渐减弱.随着温度的升高,先期固结应力均随之减小.通过反分析得到了两种黏土的材料参数γ.材料参数γ越大,相同温度下的归一化先期固结应力越小.温度越高,水溶液的黏度越低,越容易被排出,其渗透系数越大,超静孔隙水压的消散越快,所以超静孔隙水压随着温度的升高而减小.渗透系数随着孔隙比的升高而升高.粒径较大试样的渗透系数大于粒径较小试样的渗透系数.     

氯代乙酰基乙酰甲胺合成技术的改进

改变了二氯代乙酰基乙酰甲胺的转化剂,提高了转化温度,从而减少了废水量,使转化时间由5.0￣5.5h减少到2.0￣2.5h,缩短了生产周期,提高了生产效率.     

Microhabitat selection in the sand recluse spider (Sicarius thomisoides): the effect of rock size and temperature

In spiders, temperature is considered an important environmental variable for microhabitat selection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature and rock size on the presence of the sand recluse spider Sicarius thomisoides and the degree of selectivity in different locations. This species is a large spider that lives under rocks in desert and semi-desert climates and is particularly active during the summer. In Chile, these spiders can be found at both coastal and inland locations under different thermal conditions, where usually the temperatures are lower near the coast. If large-scale climatic conditions are important for this species, they may be expected to select lower rock temperatures on the coast than at inland locations. In addition, we would expect that the spiders would choose larger rocks in inland compared to coast locations, which reduce the effect of high temperatures. We found that the probability of finding individuals of this species increased according to rock temperature and rock size in the field. Our results suggest that S. thomisoides prefers larger and warmer rocks to shelter under during the day, this selectivity being similar at both coastal and inland locations. Thus, this species tends to select rocks with the same thermal and structural conditions, independent of the climatic conditions.     

Mortality effects of temperature changes in the United Kingdom

Temperature changes are known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health in various ways. Consequently, excess deaths as a result of extreme weather conditions may increase over the coming decades because of climate change. In this paper, the relationship between trends in mortality and trends in temperature change (as a proxy) is investigated using annual data and for specified (warm and cold) periods during the year in the UK. A thoughtful statistical analysis is implemented and a new stochastic, central mortality rate model is proposed. The new model encompasses the good features of the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 87: 659–671) model and its recent extensions, and for the very first time includes an exogenous factor which is a temperature‐related factor. The new model is shown to provide a significantly better‐fitting performance and more interpretable forecasts. An illustrative example of pricing a life insurance product is provided and discussed.     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (part I)

Continuing examination of colonial ascidians in museum collections is revealing further diversity in the family Didemnidae, which abounds in the tropical Indo-West Pacific and around the Australian continent (Kott, 2001). From the present work, it is apparent that much remains to be learnt about this fauna. Of the 45 species discussed in this paper, 16 are new. Larvae are described for the first time for Polysyncraton pedunculatum Kott, 2001 and P. rica Kott, 2001. Amongst the synonymy established in this paper Didemnoides tropicum Sluiter, 1909 is found to be a junior synonym of Lissoclinum patella (Gottschaldt, 1898) and Trididemnum vermiforme Kott, 2001 a junior synonym of T. nobile Kott, 2001. Didemnum nekozita Tokioka, 1967 is found to be a valid species distinct from Polysyncraton cuculliferum (Sluiter, 1909). Prolific replication rates, rapid colony growth, flexibility in growth form and a viviparous habit result in convergence tending to small zooid size, and similar large, increasingly complex colonies found in this family contribute to species diversity around the whole of the Australian continent.     

高层建筑底板混凝土温度场分析

基于ANSYS软件开发了适合大体积混凝土温度场分析的相应模块,并运用到实际工程中,取得较好的预期效果。