河道大型水库水力过渡区及其生态影响研究

运用河流连续体理论,分析修建大坝对河流水力学要素的影响.根据水力特征的变化,对河道型水库工程影响区域水力过渡区进行划分,重点研究各个水力过渡区内的水文水力特征、空间结构、物质结构和能量结构的变化及其生态响应.研究结果表明,水文水力特征的变化直接导致了生态环境要素的变化,最终将对河流生态系统产生胁迫.     

潮流数值模拟中紊动粘性系数的研究

从流体运动基本方程出发，对Boussinesq假设的合理性进行了初步探讨，阐述了紊动粘性系数的物理含义及其在数值计算中所起的作用，就一内设正交丁坝的半封闭海域中的平面紊动粘性系数对二维潮流数值计算结果的影响进行了讨论。结果表明，平面紊动粘性系数对潮位和平均流速的影响较小；随着紊动粘性系数的增加，丁坝背流侧回波的强度和影响范围均明显增大，就风生流和环岛水流两个理论算例中的垂向紊动粘性系数对三维潮流数值计算结果的影响进行了讨论。结果表明，垂向紊动粘性系数越大，流速分层越不明显，流速的绝对值也越小；垂向紊动粘性系数的梯度变化则对水平流速的垂向分布起着决定性的作用。综合理论分析和数值试验的成果，垂向紊动粘性系数宜采用抛物线分布的结构型式。     

浅析情感因素对中学生英语学习的影响

教师不仅要传授学生知识,而且要解决学生学习中的疑惑.中学阶段是每个人成长的关键时期.文章着重研究了动机、自信心、态度、性格、焦虑五种情感因素对中学生英语学习的影响,并提出了相应的教学策略.     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

Circadian periodicity in termination of photorefractoriness in the yellow-throated sparrow

Summary Photorefractory male yellow-throated sparrows (Gymnorhis xanthocollis) were subjected to six resonance light cycles, consisting of 6 h basic photophase coupled with scotophases of longer durations (in cycles of 12 (6L6D) h, 24 (6L18D) h, 36 (6L30D) h, 48 (6L42D) h, 60 (6L54D) h and 72 (6L66D) h). Termination of photorefractoriness was evident in cycles of 24, 48 and 72 h, but not in 12, 36 and 60 h. The results are consistent with the external-coincidence model (Bünning hypothesis) and suggest that endogenous circadian rhythmicity is involved in the termination of photorefractoriness.To whom reprint requests should be addressed.This investigation was supported by a UGC grant to PDT and BHU to PMT.     

比较两组样本均值的随机加权法

利用随机加权法给出了两组相互独立的样本均值比较的假设检验,这种检验并不要求被检样本分布一定是正态的,同时证明在适当条件下所用的估计比通常的正态逼近具有更高的精度。     

一种新的基于假设的自然推理系统

本文在介绍自动定理证明的历史和分析自然推理研究的现有成果的基础上,提出了用以实现启发式自然推理系统HNDS的确定性推理算法。并设计了用作推理基本手段的假设机制。本系统采用知识库系统的软件结构,面向标准形式的命题逻辑和一阶谓词逻辑,对系统定理能给出清晰的类人证文过程。HNDS系统基于的推理算法理论上是合理的和完备的,这主要因为系统结合了自然推理与消解原理,并首创了量词逐层Skolem化的策略。     

一种预测蛋白质二级结构的简便方法

以“广义摆动假说”为理论基础,从基因密码子的第二位碱基入手,把氨基酸——“词”简并成核苷酸——“语言”,可直接预测蛋白质的二级结构,从对一些蛋白质的预测结果可见,准确度与Chou-Fasman法相近。