连续时间Markov控制过程的平均代价最优鲁棒控制策略

在Markov性能势基础上 ,研究了一类转移速率不确定但受紧集约束的遍历连续时间Markov控制过程 (CTMCP)的鲁棒控制问题 .根据系统的遍历性 ,平均代价Poisson方程的解可被看作是性能势的一种定义 .在平均代价准则下 ,优化控制的目标是选择一个平稳策略使得系统在参数最坏取值下能获得最小无穷水平平均代价 ,据此论文给出了求解最优鲁棒控制策略的策略迭代 (PI)算法 ,并详细讨论了算法的收敛性 .     

Difference schemes on non-uniform mesh and their application

High order accurate schemes are needed to simulate the multi-scale complex flow fields to get fine structures in simulation of the complex flows with large gradient of fluid parameters near the wall, and schemes on non-uniform mesh are desirable for many CFD (computational fluid dynamics) workers. The construction methods of difference approximations and several difference approximations on non-uniform mesh are presented. The accuracy of the methods and the influence of stretch ratio of the neighbor mesh increment on accuracy are discussed. Some comments on these methods are given, and comparison of the accuracy of the results obtained by schemes based on both non-uniform mesh and coordinate transformation is made, and some numerical examples with non-uniform mesh are presented.     

Computer simulation for the precipitation process of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy

The precipitation mechanism of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy above the L12 instability line, between the L12 and D022 instability lines and below the D022 instability line are studied using microscopic phase-field kinetic equation. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on precipitation mechanism and morphological evolution of the alloy. Our simulations demonstrate that the precipitation is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition above the L12 instability line. It needs certain thermal fluctuations for nucleation and the number of θ phases is small at this temperature. The precipitation mechanism of γ'phase is congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition, and θ phase is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition between the L12 and D022 instability lines. The mechanism below the D022 instability line is similar to that between the L12 and D022 instability lines. With the decrease of the temperature, ordering and phase separation becomes fast, the dimension of γ'phase becomes small, the shape transforms from equiaxed to block, the dimension of θ phase becomes large and the shape transforms from strip to circle.     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Effects of Ca on the distribution, structure and morphology of aluminum species in polyaluminum chloride

The flocculation efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is closely related to the distribution and structure of its AI species, and Al13 is the optimal species in PAC for flocculation. A series of PAC containing Ca was prepared by adding Ca before and after the basifying reaction. The effects of Ca on the Al species were studied by ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ca increases the content of Alm and Al13 in PAC and decreases their chemical shifts in NMR spectra due to the electric repulsion between the positive Ca species and AI species and the formation of AI-O-Ca complexes.With the rise of Ca/AI molar ratio, the AI species in PAC tend to scatter. It is observed that the formerly branch-aggregated clusters are tending to form granule-aggregated ones whose diameter gets smaller and smaller, and the floccule aggregates are formed at a higher Ca/Al molar ratio. The introduction of Ca to PAC, which increases the Al13 content, is certainly to enhance the flocculation efficiency of PAC in water treatment.     

高新技术的发展与我国劳动就业的对策

高新技术与劳动就业是我国社会经济发展的两大战略问题。高新技术的发明和应用促进着经济的发展、改变着社会的生活 ,从而影响与经济和社会生活广泛联系的劳动就业。本文从高新技术的广泛影响出发 ,深入分析高新技术的发展对我国就业结构和就业形势的影响 ,并针对高新技术的发展引起的结构性失业现象提出我国应该采取的有效对策。     

重置变结构神经网络及其在风险投资项目评估中的应用

基于神经网络的结构直接影响到网络性能的优劣,进而影响其推广使用,尝试将重置算法应用于经典BP神经网络的结构优化,研究了重置算法中最佳重置时间的性质,提出一种重置变结构经典BP神经网络。通过实例,将重置变结构经典BP神经网络应用于风险投资的项目风险评估中,并与经典BP神经网络的实验结果进行对比。结果表明,重置算法的引入有效地解决了神经网络结构的优化问题。     

一类加权连续属性的多变量决策树构造方法

首先利用粗集理论和模糊聚类理论确定连续多变量属性的选择问题,然后利用聚类中心算法建立等级标准中心以解决连续变量的区间划分问题,其次将等价关系相对泛化的概念用于决策树中多变量检验的构造。最后通过实例说明了本方法是可行的。     

考虑质量风险时供应链订货批量的博弈分析

中间产品的质量缺陷给供应链的订货过程带来质量风险。提出了一种综合质量风险和采购库存成本的供应链订货批量模型,比较了考虑质量风险与不考虑质量风险时的供应链订货批量的差异。研究结果表明,无论在非合作还是在一体化的情况下,考虑质量风险时的订货批量都比不考虑质量风险时的批量小。     

网络--探索复杂性的新途径

简单系统由于非线性关系可以呈现复杂行为，而复杂系统可以遵循简单规则自组形成、近年来，作为探索复杂系统结构和功能的复杂网络引起了国际科学界的高度重视，已成为数理科学、生命科学、社会科学、技术科学和管理科学的研究热点之一．论文首先介绍了在复杂网络研究方面已经取得的某些进展，从典型模型．重要概念，网络分类一直到网络结构涌现，其中也包括了作者所做的工作；然后对某些值得注意的问题做了简短的评述．