基于耗散结构理论的湿地生态系统保护研究

湿地生态系统具有耗散结构性。针对当前中国湿地利用和保护面临的问题,利用耗散结构理论与熵,加以研究。结果表明,耗散结构理论对恢复湿地生态、发展替代产业、湿地利用与保护具有一定的指导意义。可行性的政策建议。图1,参11。从新的视角最后提出了     

土壤养分梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物的生态位

利用Levins生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式,在土壤有机质、土壤总磷、土壤总氮3个养分梯度上分别对黄河三角洲湿地19个植物种的生态位宽度值和生态位重叠值进行了分析.结果表明:各植物种在3个养分梯度上的生态位宽度值差异不大,优势种柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)的生态位宽度值均较大;植物种之间的生态位重叠一般均较小,说明植物种在土壤养分梯度上产生了生态位分化.     

官厅水库入库口复合湿地系统对入库水质的净化

官厅水库入库口复合湿地系统建设以恢复官厅水库饮用水源地功能、保障供水安全、促进流域水资源可持续发展为目标,在对水库水源水质进行全面调杳、监测、分析基础上,借鉴国内外最新技术经验,采用并建设了前置库自然湿地和人工构造湿地的入库口复合湿地系统,突破了水库流域水生态环境治理中的关键与难点技术,成功实施了官厅水库水质改善和生态修复,形成了适宜于北方低温干旱地区水库水生态环境综合治理技术体系,为恢复官厅水库饮用水源功能发挥了关键作用,为水库水质保护和生态恢复探索了一条可行道路.     

人工湿地设计分析

分析了人工湿地设计涉及的动力学和水力学,并以人工湿地除污染原理为依据,分析了设计过程中需要考虑的要素,对比了传统污水处理技术和人工湿地技术的特点,根据这些特点列举实例,分析了人工湿地的优化工艺组合.     

闽江河口区湿地环境承载力分析

以闽江河口区为研究案例,根据环境科学中有关环境容量和环境承载力的相关理论,结合湿地可持续发展的要求,以自然环境因素和人文环境因素两个方面来建立湿地区域环境承载力指标体系,对闽江河口区湿地环境承载力进行分析评价,为决策者开发和利用闽江河口区湿地提供决策依据。     

变径水泥土搅拌桩加固桥头软基的试验分析

变径水泥土搅拌桩是一种新型的水泥土搅拌桩技术,它针对传统水泥土搅拌桩的弊端进行了改进,取得了良好的工程效果.介绍了变径水泥土搅拌桩在高速公路桥头软基的应用情况,并对其施工机械和施工工艺进行了详细说明.试验结果表明,变径水泥土搅拌桩保证了桩体中的水泥掺入量,提高了水泥浆分布的均匀性,从而保证了桩身质量,特别是深部桩体的质量;28 d龄期桩体的强度和均匀性较7 d均有较大提高;桩身水泥土芯样的电阻率与其强度之间存在着较好的线性相关关系;在其他试验条件相同时,扩大头高度越高,变径搅拌桩的单桩极限承载力越高;在保证质量的同时,变径水泥土搅拌桩能相对节约了工程成本,经济效益明显.     

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.     

向海湿地生态环境变化对丹顶鹤数量及其分布的影响分析

分析了向海自然保护区自然和社会生态环境变化对丹顶鹤数量及其分布的影响。结果表明：湿地自然生态环境变化对丹顶鹤的数量分布影响非常显著,在1997-1999年间,向海自然保护区经历了严重的干旱和百年不遇的洪灾,湿地生态环境发生了巨大的变化,这三年春季,丹顶鹤的数量差异很大,分别为32只、25只、64只,筑巢丹顶鹤分别为6对、4对、13对,在此基础上提出了建设和保持稳定的丹顶鹤栖息生态环境的措施。     

湿地资源开发环境影响评价探析

鉴于湿地资源开发EIA的重要性及我国目前所处困境 ,探讨了湿地资源开发EIA的评价重点与指标体系 ,论证了开发项目环境可行性的依据原则及生态环境保护措施的基本内容 .并对推行可持续发展EIA的要点 :如重视对后代人影响评价、加强环境承载力分析、注重社会经济效益分析及开展战略EIA等予以论述     

高师体育教育专业田径课程教学改革实践研究

从高师体育教育专业田径课程教学改革入手,以转变教育观念,开展素质教育为契机,构建高师体育新理念为先导,对高师体育教育专业田径课堂教学结构,教学模式,培养目标,教学任务、教学内容、考核评价,教育教学实习等方面进行了整体研究和实践。研究实践和结果表明,应转变现行高师体育教育传统与中学“对口”教学的“小师范”教学观念,重新建构高师体育教育教学面向终身教育和社会化开发的“大师范”教学理念,优化课堂教学结构