Stretching and imaging studies of single DNA molecules

DNA molecules were stretched on silanized mica surface with the molecular combing technique, and detected with fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Meantime, DNA molecules were stretched with a modified dynamic molecular combing technique and studied with atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that, compared with the dynamic molecular combing technique, the modified dynamic molecular combing technique has advantages of less-sample demand and less contamination to sample; as compared with the molecular combing technique, it has better aligning effect and reproducibility. Combination of this kind of DNA molecular manipulating technique with the single DNA molecule detecting technique by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy will play an important role in the basic research of molecular dynamics and the application of gene research.     

Atomic force microscopic observation on substructure of pollen exine inCedrus deodara andMetasequoia glyptostroboides

The substructure of pollen exine inCedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. andMetasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng has been examined with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicate that the exine substructure units containing sporopollenin in two species are similar in shape, which are granular, but slightly different in size. InCedrus the substructure unit of pollen exine appears to be 56–99 nm long and 42–74 nm wide, while inMetasequoia it appears to be 81–118 nm long and 43–98 nm wide. It has been observed that the subunits of pollen exine inCedrus arranged tightly to form short-rod-like or spheroidal pollen exine units, several or more than ten of which formed an island-like structure. There are various spaces among these island-like structures which are interconnected to occupy the entire pollen exine. InMetasequoia, the subunits of pollen exine also arranged tightly with a distribution tendency of cluster of 3–10, however, no obvious boundary exists among these clusters. From our results, it is concluded that there is no tendency of helical arrangement for the subunits of pollen exine inCedrus andMetasequoia, and the results support Southworth’ view that subunits of pollen exine are granular shape in lattice structure.     

海流的形成演化与作用力定义

通过海水质点的受力分析 ,论述了赤道流的形成与穿切黄道面现象 ,提出了南赤道流与赤道逆流是地球南北回归线之间的带状地带穿切黄道面并受 F1,F2 作用而引起。 F3+Fs是地球公转离心力 ,它是形成大洋环流的原动力。由于地球的倾斜 ,黄道面上的相互作用力 ,形成了两支巨大的环形海流 ,即北半球环流与南半球环流 (同时有陆地阻隔作用 )。北向流的形成与地球的倾斜和 F3+Fs作用有关 ,地球上的北向流不容置疑存在 ,除非地球不倾斜或者倾幅增减 90°,北向流才不存在或者变为南向流。东向流由 F3+Fs及部分 F2 作用形成。相应地 ,西向流也是存在的 ,文中只是以论述南北赤道流的方式作了说明     

大气海洋油气质点受力分析

从平面入手 ,讨论了地球球面质点在绕太阳运行过程中的受力情况 ,并推得球面质点所受各力的表达式 ,讨论了各力的函数关系及其变化性质 ,对有关各力进行比较归类 ,指出了各力的适应性及存在问题。展望了各力在大气、海洋、油气、板块等运动研究方面的应用前景。     

Stewart平台式六维力测量装置初探

利用Ｓｔｅｗａｒｔ平台结构特点,开必一种新型的六维力测量装置。根据Ｓｔｅｗａｒｔ平台的静力学关系,建立了六维力测量装置的数学模型。给出了Ｓｔｅｗａｒｔ平台上平台所受的六维力和６个支承腿所受拉压力的关系,并进行了结构设计和测量系统设计。     

汽轮机叶片参数的多目标优化设计

由于制造误差和不平衡力的作用,汽轮机叶片的周向气动力除合成一个力倡外,还合成一个横向力,这个横向力使转子发生进动,在一定条件下会使转子失稳,是转子的一个自激激振力。为保证机器正常工作,应对汽轮机叶片参数进行多目标优化、本文首先导出了力偶和激振力的公式,建立了汽轮机叶片参数的多目标优化设计的数学模型,提出了求解该模型的算法,并给出了算例。     

静电磁场中的带电粒子

给出了带电粒子在任意一个均匀静电磁场中的运动方程 ,并依据此结果 ,讨论了几种典型情况     

双向无粘结预应力混凝土井式楼盖的设计研究

双向井字梁盖可在不增加层高的基础上提供大空间及美观的室内天花。本文通过一设计实例较详细介绍了无粘结部分预应力混凝土井字梁结构的方案确定和设计计算。结果表明 ,双向无粘结部分预应力结构合理、施工方便     

一种近似恒力弹簧装置的设计

为消除弹簧装置中应力随应变不断变化而产生的多余应力 ,在卷簧结构中 ,采用螺旋变径输出轮 ,用半径的变化抵消力矩的变化 ,获得近似恒定的输出力 .在精度要求不高的场合 ,采用此方式可形成简便可靠的近似恒力的弹簧装置 .     

浅海结构物波浪力计算及实验研究

应用椭圆余弦波理论、双曲波理论及孤立波理论对作用于浅海海洋结构物的波浪力进行了计算 ,并在造波水槽中进行了波浪力及波压力实验研究。运用实验结果对传统的计算方法进行了修正 ,提出了静水面以上波压力的修正公式。研究表明 ,应用椭圆余弦波理论和双曲波理论计算理论波压力并对其进行修正 ,再将积分上限取为瞬时波面 ,积分后得出的波浪力与实验结果很接近。